SECRETS OF CREWE HOUSE Die Geschichte einer berühmten Kampagne ERSTER WELTKRIEGSPROPAGANDA

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Verkäufer: dilapsus ✉️ (8.451) 100%, Artikelstandort: Flamborough, Bridlington, GB, Versand nach: EUROPE und viele andere Länder, Artikelnummer: 125654067716 SECRETS OF CREWE HOUSE Die Geschichte einer berühmten Kampagne ERSTER WELTKRIEGSPROPAGANDA.
 
 
 

Secrets of

Crewe House  

The Story of a Famous Campaign

by  

Sir Campbell Stuart, K. B. E.

This is the 1920 First Edition

 

Front cover and spine

Further images of this book are shown below

 

 

Publisher and place of publication   Dimensions in inches (to the nearest quarter-inch)
London: Hodder and Stoughton   4¾ inches wide x 7½ inches tall
     
Edition   Length
1920 First Edition   [xiii] + 240 pages
     
Condition of covers    Internal condition
Original red cloth  blocked in black. The covers are rubbed, a little faded in places (particularly around the edges) and with some old stains, which are most apparent on the front cover. The spine, however, has faded significantly with virtually complete loss of original colour. The spine ends and corners are bumped and slightly frayed.   There is a gift inscription in ink on the front end-paper: "C. R. N. Routh - 17.ix.20 -  d.d. [dono dedit ] - F. H. C. B." and the end-papers are browned and discoloured. The Half-Title page and final page of the Index are badly browned and discoloured. There is play in the inner hinges and separation between the inner gatherings. The text is clean throughout on tanned paper, with some scattered foxing. Additionally, there is toning and foxing to those pages adjacent to the photographic plates. The illustrations have acquired a yellowish tinge. The edge of the text block is grubby, dust-stained and foxed.
     
Dust-jacket present?   Other comments
No   This First Edition is generally clean internally, with some foxing, and in slightly stained covers with a significantly faded spine.
     
Illustrations, maps, etc   Contents
Please see below for details   Please see below for details
     
Post & shipping information   Payment options
The packed weight is approximately 600 grams.

Full shipping/postage information is provided in a panel at the end of this listing.

  Payment options :
  • UK buyers: cheque (in GBP), debit card, credit card (Visa, MasterCard but not Amex), PayPal
  • International buyers: credit card (Visa, MasterCard but not Amex), PayPal

Full payment information is provided in a panel at the end of this listing. 

Secrets of Crewe House

Contents

 

Chapter I Propaganda : Its Uses and Abuses Chapter II Crewe House : Its Organisation and Personnel Chapter III Operations Against Austria-Hungary : Propaganda's Most Striking Success Chapter IV Operations Against Germany Chapter V Tributes from the Enemy Chapter VI Operations Against Bulgaria and Other Activities Chapter VII Inter-Allied Co-Operation Chapter VIII From War Propaganda to Peace Propaganda Chapter IX Vale! Appendix Index

 

 

List of Illustrations

Viscount Northcliffe   Frontispiece Crewe House Rear-Admiral Sir Reginald Hall, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.P Lieutenant-General Sir George Macdonogh, K.C.M.G., C.B The Rt. Hon. Lord Beaverbrook Mr. H. VVickham Steed

Dr. R. W. Seton- Watson News of Allied successes on Western Front for Jugo-Slav soldiers in the Austrian Armies A manifesto from Dr. Trumbitch distributed from aeroplanes among Jugo-Slav troops in the Austrian Army Mr. H. G. Wells Leaflet — probably the first — distributed by British aeroplanes among German troops in October, 1914. It announced a Russian victory in East Prussia Mr. Hamilton Fyfe Aeroplane distribution of copies of an early leaflet prepared for the German soldier Brigadier-General G. K. Cockerill, C.B. A typical news-sheet for German soldiers Captain Chalmers Mitchell " Reporting Progress " — Leaflet which gave particulars of Allied progress against the Germans Diagrammatic representation of the growth of the American Army in the Field Map-leaflet showing the breaking of the Hindenburg line

News for German soldiers of the destruction of the Turkish Army in Palestine Some pointed quotations for German soldiers culled from German sources A medallion struck by the Germans in " dis-honour " of Lord Northcliffe Leaflet with particulars of the fate of 150 German submarine commanders, which created great depression in German naval ports Leaflet warning the Germans that such places as Berlin and Hamburg had been brought within range of aerial attack and could be bombed if the war were prolonged A German dream and the result. A leaflet illustrating the collapse of the Mittel-Europa ambition of German militarism Front page of a " Trench Newspaper," issued by Crewe House for German troops The late Sir Charles Nicholson, Bart., M.P. Sir Roderick Jones, K.B.E Illustrated leaflet portraying contentment of German prisoners in British hands Colonel the Earl of Denbigh, C.V.O. Leaflet showing how the Allies had shattered the great Berlin-Bagdad plan Mr. Robert Donald Manifesto to Magyar Troops " Drifting down in white showers" : Leaflets, from Italian aeroplane squadron, dropping on Vienna Manifesto, signed by Professor (now President) Masaryk, to Czecho-Slovak soldiers Sir Sidney Low Rapidly-distributed leaflets for German troops telling of Allied successes in the Balkans and in Syria Mr. James O'Grady, M.P Inflating the balloons and attaching the truth-telling leaflet Registering the direction and velocity of the wind, in order to judge where the leaflets would fall How leaflets were attached to the balloons Dispatching the balloons Testing the lifting power of balloons used for propaganda purposes

List of Maps

Ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary The partition of Austria -Hungary : Showing the boundaries as defined in the Peace Treaties Germany's new boundaries as fixed by the Treaty of Peace Bulgaria as delimited by the Peace treaty

Secrets of Crewe House

Foreword

 

Some courage is required to add to the already too swollen list of war books, of the making of which there seems to be no end. The justification for the present volume, which tells the remarkable story of British propaganda in enemy countries during 1918, lies in the fact that it records historic activities, some of which were of a pioneer character. Necessarily its publication had to be postponed until the main principles of the Peace had been decided. The nature of the documents quoted precluded earlier publication, which might have embarrassed the Allied Governments. No such embarrassment will be caused at this late stage. The march of events has removed the need, which existed during the War and during the peace-making, for withholding from public knowledge particulars of the organisation and work directed with such effect from Crewe House. Much that was interesting, and even dramatic, can never be divulged. Otherwise, many who did valuable and dangerous service might, by a breach of faith, be exposed to reprisals. The activities of Crewe House will stand the test of judgment by results. German comments on Viscount Northcliffe's department leave no room for doubt as to the verdict of enemy countries.  

Secrets of Crewe House

Excerpt:

 

. . .  The task of distribution of propaganda literature by air would have been simpler but for an extraordinary military decision. When this work was started by the military authorities the leaflets were dropped from aeroplanes. This method had the widest limits, and, at the same time, was the best means of carrying a large bulk and of distributing with accuracy. Perturbed by the success attained, the Ger- mans threatened to inflict severe penalties upon airmen captured when performing such duties, and, on capturing two British airmen, followed their threats by action. Instead of instituting immediate reprisals, the British authorities tamely submitted and gave instructions for the discontinuance of the use of aeroplanes for the purpose. In consequence of this weak action, experiments had to be undertaken to find a substitute for the aeroplane. There were a number of possible, although inferior, methods. Hand and rifle grenades were devised to burst and shower leaflets over a limited area among enemy troops. Trench mortars would serve a similar purpose. But thanks to the progress of military meteorological science during the war and to several months' patient experimenting with various devices, it was found possible to utilise specially adapted balloons. The Air Inventions Committee, the Munitions Inventions Department, the Inspectorate of H. M. Stores, Woolwich, Army Intelligence officers experienced in the use of silk balloons for other military purposes, and the manufacturers, all assisted the War Office in arriving at a result which proved to be effective and as nearly as possible " fool-proof." Designs and apparatus were tested in the workshop and laboratory, at experimental stations near London, and on Salisbury Plain. They were taken out to France and tried under the actual conditions of war, and gradually each difficulty was overcome and each detail reduced to its simplest form. In its standard form in which it was being manufactured at the rate of nearly 2,000 a week the propaganda balloon was made of paper, cut in 10 longitudinal panels, with a neck of oiled silk about 12 inches long. The circumference was about 20 feet and the height, when inflated, over eight feet. The absolute capacity was approximately 100 cubic feet, but the balloons were liberated when not quite taut, containing 90 to 95 cubic feet of hydrogen. Hydrogen readily passes through paper, and the part of the experimental work that caused most trouble was the discovery of a suitable varnish, or " dope," to make the paper gas-tight. After many disappointments, a formula was arrived at, the application of which prevented appreciable evaporation of the gas for two or three hours, and which left a balloon with some lifting capacity after thirty-six hours. The lifting power of a balloon is the difference between the weight of the hydrogen and the weight of the same bulk of air, less the weight of the balloon itself. The weight of the paper balloon was just over one pound ; the available lifting power varied with the degree of tautness to which the balloon was filled, the height of the barometer and the temperature, but on the average, at ground level, the balloon as inflated would just support five and a half pounds. After a good deal of experiment the load of propaganda and releasing apparatus was fixed at four pounds and a few ounces, this allowing from 500 to 1,000 leaflets, according to their size, to be carried by each balloon, the balance of lifting power being sufficient to take the balloon sharply into the air to a height of five or six thousand feet. As a balloon rises the pressure of the air decreases and the contained hydrogen expands. In the earlier experiments the neck of the balloon was tied after inflation, and, to allow for expansion, the balloon was filled only to a little over two-thirds of its capacity. This was unsatisfactory ; it reduced the load of propaganda and led to many failures from bursting and to great uncertainty as to where the load would fall. It was found more satisfactory to inflate the balloon nearly to its full capacity and to liberate it with the neck open, or with a large slit cut at the base of the neck, to allow the gas to escape as it expanded. At a height of, on the average, from 4,000 to 6,000 feet the escape of gas had reduced the free lift to a negative quantity, and the balloon would begin to drop slowly, but for the liberation of ballast. After several ingenious mechanical devices had been tested, a method of releasing leaflets by the burning of a fuse was adopted. A suitable length of prepared cotton wick, similar to that used in flint pipe-lighters, and burning evenly at the rate of five minutes to the inch, was securely threaded to a wire by which it was attached to the neck of the balloon. Several inches of the upper end were left free, and the load of leaflets was strung in small packets by cotton threads along the length of the fuse. As soon as a balloon was inflated and the loaded release attached, the free end of the fuse was cut to the required length, so as to burn for five, ten, or so many minutes, before the first packet was reached, the cut end was lighted, usually from the pipe or cigarette the soldier was smoking, and the balloon sent off on its journey. The release of each packet acted as a discharge of ballast, and the balloon, although continually losing gas, kept in the air until the end of its course. The arrangement used most frequently was designed for liberating the balloons a few miles behind the front lines and for distributing the leaflets from the enemy lines to a few miles behind them. The total length of fuse was twelve inches, giving an hour's run. The first six inches were left free to be cut before lighting according to the position of the station and the strength of the wind ; the load of propaganda was arranged over the second half-hour at intervals of two and a half minutes. Much longer fuses, with the load distributed at greater intervals, were used for longer runs. Experiment showed that the lateral scattering of the leaflets, dropped from a height of 4,000 feet and upwards, was considerable. The length of the track varied with the strength of the wind. The unit for distribution consisted of two motor lorries, which took the men, the cylinders of hydrogen, and the propaganda loaded on releases to a sheltered position selected in the morning by the officer in charge after consultation with the meteorological experts. The vans were drawn up end to end, separated by a distance of about ten feet, and a curtain of canvas was then stretched on the windward side between the vans, thus forming a three-sided chamber. The balloon was laid on the ground, rapidly filled, the release attached and lighted, and the balloon liberated, the whole operation taking only a few minutes. The load of the balloons was chosen according to the direction of the wind. If it was blowing towards Belgium, copies of the Courrier de l'Air were attached ; if towards Germany, propaganda leaflets for enemy troops. The experimental improvement of the " dope " with which the paper was treated in order to prevent loss of gas by diffusion, and the manufacture of balloons of double the standard capacity, had placed runs of upwards of 150 miles well within the capacity of the method before the Armistice suspended opera- tions, but the bulk of the propaganda was distributed over an area of from 10 to 50 miles behind the enemy lines. Fortunately, during the late summer and autumn of 1918 the wind was blowing almost consistently favourable for their dispatch. When Lord Northcliffe took office in February, 1918, Austria- Hungary was the most urgent field for his operations, as has been explained. While Crewe House was concentrating upon that work he desired the War Office to continue on his behalf the admirable and assiduous work carried on since 1916. Early in May, 1918, Mr. H. G. Wells accepted Lord Northcliffe's invitation to direct the preparation of propaganda literature against Germany, with the co- operation of Dr. J. W. Headlam-Morley. The first need was felt to be the definition of a policy to be followed against Germany, in order to prevent dissipation of energy and diversity of treatment. It was obvious that this propaganda policy must be in accord with the general policy of the Allies. In some points it followed the declared aims of the Allies ; in others, it preceded the general policy as a pathmaker and pacemaker. Mr. Wells undertook to prepare a memorandum on the position of Germany at that time from the point of view of propaganda. This was submitted by Mr. Wells to the Enemy Propaganda Committee and fully discussed. A preface was pre- pared and upon the two statements was based a letter to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, as in the case of the propaganda policy against Austria-Hungary, asking for the assent of the British Government to the policy therein contained. Mr. Wells's memorandum was of the highest interest as a contemporary study of Germany, by a master of psychology, at that juncture when Germany was making her great (and, fortunately, her final) bid for world-mastery. The document possesses no little historical value ; much that was prophetic has been forged into history by the rapid march of events ; and the non-fulfilment of much of what has not attained to its consummation is due to lack of political wisdom in the chancelleries . . .

Please note: to avoid opening the book out, with the risk of damaging the spine, some of the pages were slightly raised on the inner edge when being scanned, which has resulted in some blurring to the text and a shadow on the inside edge of the final images. Colour reproduction is shown as accurately as possible but please be aware that some colours are difficult to scan and may result in a slight variation from the colour shown below to the actual colour.

In line with eBay guidelines on picture sizes, some of the illustrations may be shown enlarged for greater detail and clarity.

     

 

There is a gift inscription in ink on the front end-paper: "C. R. N. Routh - 17.ix.20 -  d.d. [dono dedit ] - F. H. C. B." and the end-papers are browned and discoloured.

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To estimate the “packed weight” each book is first weighed and then an additional amount of 150 grams is added to allow for the packaging material (all books are securely wrapped and posted in a cardboard book-mailer). The weight of the book and packaging is then rounded up to the nearest hundred grams to arrive at the postage figure. I make no charge for packaging materials and do not seek to profit from postage and packaging. Postage can be combined for multiple purchases.

 

Packed weight of this item : approximately 600 grams

 

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To estimate the “packed weight” each book is first weighed and then an additional amount of 150 grams is added to allow for the packaging material (all books are securely wrapped and posted in a cardboard book-mailer). The weight of the book and packaging is then rounded up to the nearest hundred grams to arrive at the shipping figure. I make no charge for packaging materials and do not seek to profit from shipping and handling.

Shipping can usually be combined for multiple purchases (to a maximum of 5 kilograms in any one parcel with the exception of Canada, where the limit is 2 kilograms).

 

Packed weight of this item : approximately 600 grams

 

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  • Condition: This First Edition is generally clean internally, with some foxing, and in slightly stained covers with a significantly faded spine. A detailed description of this item's current condition is given in the listing below but please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information.
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Place of Publication: London
  • Non-Fiction Subject: History & Military
  • Language: English
  • Special Attributes: 1st Edition, Illustrated
  • Author: Sir Campbell Stuart
  • Publisher: Hodder & Stoughton
  • Year Printed: 1920

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