Königliche Hochzeit großer massiver Messinglöffel Gold Kronleuchter König Charles Diana Netflix UK

EUR 41,76 EUR 37,58 Sofort-Kaufen oder Preisvorschlag, EUR 13,91 Versand, 30-Tag Rücknahmen, eBay-Käuferschutz
Verkäufer: checkoutmyunqiuefunitems ✉️ (3.666) 99.9%, Artikelstandort: Manchester, Take a look at my other items, GB, Versand nach: WORLDWIDE, Artikelnummer: 276205829449 Königliche Hochzeit großer massiver Messinglöffel Gold Kronleuchter König Charles Diana Netflix UK. "Clarence House". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2014. and created. At the newly opened At-Bristol, 14 June 2000. Awards given. "HRH The Prince of Wales". Debrett's. Royal Wedding Large Brass Spoon This is an Large Vintage Brass Spoon to Commerate the Royal Wedding in 1981 Where the future King Charles III married Lady Diana Spencer It is a wall hanging decoration and it has a hole at the top so it can be hung from a nail The top has a crown then 2 Wedding Bells with a Bow Then is the date of the wedding 29th July Underneath is a Love Heart with the Year 1981 with the words "Prince Charles" & "Lady Diana" Below are two good luck horseshoes with a horse shoe below then the spoon head at the bottom The dimensions are 240 mm  x 50 mm x 3mm approx and it weighs 250 grams Would be a super addition to any collection, excellent display, practical piece or authentic period prop. It is in Very good  condition  for its age. Over 40 years old Comes from a pet and smoke free home Sorry about the poor quality photos.  They don't  do the Ornament  justice it looks a lot better in real life Would make an Magnificent Gift for anyone who loves the Royal Family Please Check out my other Royal Items of Memrobilia >  Check out my other items !   Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 2,000 Satisfied Customers
I have over 14 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together I always combined postage on multiple items so why not  >   Check out my other items !     All Payment Methods in All Major Currencies Accepted. All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment. 

Overseas Bidders Please Note Surface Mail Delivery Times > 

Western Europe takes up to 2 weeks, 

Eastern Europe up to 5 weeks, 

North America up to 6 weeks, 

South America, Africa and Asia up to 8 weeks and 

Australasia up to 12 weeks

For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain!

Please Take a Moment Click Here to Check Out My Other items

*** Please Do Not Click Here ***

Click Here to Add me to Your List of Favourite Sellers

If You Have any Questions Please Email Me thru ebay and I Will Reply ASAP

Thanks for Looking and Best of Luck with the Bidding!!

I have sold items to coutries such as  Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL)  * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL)  * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * Eritrea * Estonia * Ethiopia * Falkland Islands (GB) * Faroe Islands (DK) * Fiji Islands * Finland * France * French Guiana (FR) * French Polynesia (FR) * French Southern Lands (FR) * Gabon * Gambia * Georgia * Germany * Ghana * Gibraltar (GB) * Greece * Greenland (DK) * Grenada * Guadeloupe (FR) * Guam (US) * Guatemala * Guernsey (GB) * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Guyana * Haiti * Heard and McDonald Islands (AU) * Honduras * Hong Kong (CN) * Hungary * Iceland * India * Indonesia * Iran * Iraq * Ireland * Isle of Man (GB) * Israel * Italy * Ivory Coast * Jamaica * Jan Mayen (NO) * Japan * Jersey (GB) * Jordan * Kazakhstan * Kenya * Kiribati * Kosovo * Kuwait * Kyrgyzstan * Laos * Latvia * Lebanon * Lesotho * Liberia * Libya * Liechtenstein * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Macau (CN) * Macedonia * Madagascar * Malawi * Malaysia * Maldives * Mali * Malta * Marshall Islands * Martinique (FR) * Mauritania * Mauritius * Mayotte (FR) * Mexico * Micronesia * Moldova * Monaco * Mongolia * Montenegro * Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL)  * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL)  * Sint Maarten (NL)  * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago, London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok, Johannesburg, East Rand, Chennai, Taipei, Baghdad, Santiago, Bangalore, Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, Fukuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer     Article     Talk     Read     Edit     View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer Diana and Charles on their wedding day Date    29 July 1981; 42 years ago[1] Venue    St Paul's Cathedral Location    London, England Participants         Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III)     Lady Diana Spencer The wedding of Prince Charles (later King Charles III) and Lady Diana Spencer took place on Wednesday, 29 July 1981,[1] at St Paul's Cathedral in London, United Kingdom. The groom was the heir apparent to the British throne, and the bride was a member of the Spencer family. The ceremony was a traditional Church of England wedding service. Alan Webster, Dean of St Paul's, presided at the service, and Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury, conducted the marriage. Notable figures in attendance included many members of other royal families, republican heads of state, and members of the bride's and groom's families. After the ceremony, the couple made the traditional appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. The United Kingdom had a national holiday on that day to mark the wedding.[2] The ceremony featured many ceremonial aspects, including use of the state carriages and roles for the Foot Guards and Household Cavalry. Their marriage was widely billed as a "fairytale wedding" and the "wedding of the century". It was watched by an estimated global television audience of 750 million people.[2][3] Events were held around the Commonwealth to mark the wedding. Many street parties were held throughout the United Kingdom to celebrate the occasion. The couple separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996 after fifteen years of marriage. Engagement Prince Charles had known Lady Diana Spencer for several years. They first met in 1977 while Charles was dating her elder sister Lady Sarah.[4] He took serious interest in her as a potential bride in 1980 when they were guests at a country weekend, where she watched him play polo. He invited her for a sailing weekend to Cowes aboard the royal yacht Britannia as their relationship began to develop. This was followed by an invitation to Balmoral Castle, the Royal family's Scottish home, to meet his family.[5][6] Diana was well received at Balmoral by Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The couple then had several dates in London. Diana and Charles had been seeing each other for about six months when he proposed on 3 February 1981 in the nursery at Windsor Castle. Diana had planned a holiday for the next week, and Charles hoped she would use the time to consider her answer.[7] Diana accepted, but their engagement was kept secret for the next few weeks.[8] Diana later claimed that the couple had met only 13 times in total before the announcement of their engagement.[9] The wedding of Charles and Diana commemorated on a 1981 British crown coin Their engagement became official on 24 February 1981,[10] and the couple gave an exclusive interview.[11] During the public announcement of the engagement, Diana wore a "cobalt blue skirt suit" by the British label Cojana.[12][13] Diana selected a large engagement ring that consisted of 14 solitaire diamonds surrounding a 12-carat oval blue Ceylon sapphire set in 18-carat white gold,[3] which was similar to her mother's engagement ring. The ring was made by the Crown jewellers Garrard. In 2010, it became the engagement ring of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.[14] The Queen Mother gave Diana a sapphire and diamond brooch as an engagement present.[15] A series of photographs taken by the Earl of Snowdon were published in Vogue in February 1981 to mark the engagement.[16][17] Clayton Howard did Diana's make-up and John Frieda did her hair for the official portrait.[18] The couple later sat down for another interview with BBC's Angela Rippon and ITV's Andrew Gardner.[19] Two nights before the wedding, a gala ball was held at Buckingham Palace, and the Queen subsequently hosted a dinner for a crowd of 90 individuals.[20] A reception with dancing for 1,500 people was also held. Among the invitees were the royal household's members and staff.[21] The night before the wedding 150 people, including heads of states and governments, were invited for a dinner with the Queen.[21] In a series of tapes recorded for her 1992 biography, Diana said that she recalled discovering a bracelet which Charles had bought for his longtime lover Camilla Parker Bowles shortly before their wedding. Due to her suspicions she wanted to call off the wedding but was put off the idea by her sisters.[22] In March 1981, she was photographed holding back tears at the airport where Charles was departing for a trip to Australia. Diana later revealed that she had been left disturbed after hearing a telephone conversation between Charles and Camilla in his study.[23] Wedding Combined coat of arms of Charles and Diana, the Prince and Princess of Wales The wedding took place on 29 July 1981. 3,500 guests made up the congregation at St Paul's Cathedral.[7] Charles and Diana selected St Paul's over Westminster Abbey, the traditional site of royal weddings, because St Paul's offered more seating[9] and permitted a longer procession through London. The ceremony was a traditional Church of England wedding service, presided over by the Most Reverend Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury,[2] and the Very Reverend Alan Webster, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral. Two million spectators lined the route of Diana's procession from Clarence House, with 4,000 police and 2,200 military officers to manage the crowds.[7] The security increased and sharpshooters were stationed due to the potential threat of an attack by the Irish Republican guerrillas.[9][20][24] The security screenings in the airports also increased.[25] The cost of the wedding was later estimated to be $48 million in total (between $70M and $110M when adjusted for inflation), with $600,000 being spent on security.[9][26][27] Regiments from the Commonwealth realms participated in the procession, including the Royal Regiment of Canada.[28] At 10:22 BST the Queen and the royal family were taken to the cathedral in eight carriages, the Prince of Wales in the 1902 State Landau, which was later used following the ceremony to take the couple back to Buckingham Palace.[21] Lady Diana arrived at the cathedral in the Glass Coach with her father, John Spencer; she was escorted by six mounted Metropolitan Police officers.[7] She arrived almost on time for the 11:20 BST ceremony.[2] The carriage was too small to hold the two of them comfortably due to her voluminous dress and train.[9] As the orchestra played Trumpet voluntary, an anthem by Jeremiah Clarke, the bride made the three-and-a-half minute walk up the aisle.[2][29] Diana accidentally changed the order of Charles's names during her vows, saying "Philip Charles Arthur George" instead of the correct "Charles Philip Arthur George".[2] She did not promise to "obey" him as part of the traditional vows. That word was eliminated at the couple's request, which caused a sensation at the time.[30] Charles also made an error. He said he would offer her "thy goods" instead of "my worldly goods".[31] In keeping with tradition, the couple's wedding rings were crafted from Welsh gold from the Clogau St David's mine in Bontddu.[29] The tradition of using Welsh gold within the wedding rings of the Royal Family dates back to 1923.[21] Upon marriage Diana automatically acquired the title of Princess of Wales.[32] Other church representatives present who gave prayers after the service were a former Archbishop of Canterbury, Donald Coggan, Basil Cardinal Hume, the Right Reverend Andrew Doig and the Reverend Harry Williams CR.[33][29] Music Three choirs, three orchestras and a fanfare ensemble played the music for the service. These were the Bach Choir, the Choir of St Paul's Cathedral, the Choir of the Chapel Royal, the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, the Philharmonia Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra and a fanfare ensemble from the Royal Military School.[34] The choirs were conducted by Barry Rose, the choirmaster at St Paul's. The cathedral's organist, Christopher Dearnley; and its sub-organist, John Scott; played the organ. The Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, the Philharmonia Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra were conducted by Sir David Willcocks, who was the director of the Royal College of Music and of the Bach Choir;[35] Richard Popplewell, the organist at Chapel Royal; and Sir Colin Davis, who was the musical director of Covent Garden.[34][33] Music and songs used during the wedding included the "Prince of Denmark's March", "I Vow to Thee, My Country", "Pomp and Circumstance No.4" and the British National Anthem ("God Save the Queen").[33] New Zealand soprano, Kiri Te Kanawa sang "Let The Bright Seraphim" from G. F. Handel's Samson.[21] Clothing Diana's wedding dress was valued at £9,000[36] (equivalent to £36,700 in 2021).[37] The dress was made of ivory silk taffeta, decorated with lace, hand embroidery, sequins, and 10,000 pearls. It was designed by Elizabeth and David Emanuel and had a 25-foot (7.6 m) train of ivory taffeta and antique lace.[9] The dress was designed according to Diana's wishes who wanted it to have the longest train in the royal wedding history.[9] The bride wore her family's heirloom tiara over an ivory silk tulle veil, and had her hair styled short crop down by hair dresser Kevin Shanley.[38][39] She wore a pair of low-heeled Clive Shilton shoes "with C and D initials hand-painted on her arches" and decorated with 542 sequins and 132 pearls.[9] For the customary bridal themes of "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue", Diana's wedding dress had an antique lace "made with a fabric spun at a British silk farm" (the "old"), the Spencer family tiara and her mother's earrings (the "borrowed"), and a blue bow sewn into the waistband (the "blue").[40] The official parfumeur of the royal wedding was Houbigant Parfum, the oldest French fragrance company. Diana chose the floral scent Quelques Fleurs, which featured "notes of tuberose, jasmine and rose".[41] She was reported to have accidentally spilled perfume over a part of her dress which she later covered with her hand during the ceremony.[9] The bride also had a pair of slippers made out of hand-made ivory silk with pearl and sequin embroidery.[42] Barbara Daly did the bride's make-up for the ceremony.[41] Per the Queen's orders, two similar bouquets were prepared for the bride by David Longman which contained "gardenias, stephanotis, odontolglossum orchid, lily of the valley, Earl Mountbatten roses, freesia, veronica, ivy, myrtle and trasdescantia".[43] Charles wore his full dress naval commander uniform.[44] He also wore stars of the orders of the Garter and the Thistle, the Queen's silver jubilee medal, and "the royal cipher of the Prince of Wales in gold on epaulettes on both shoulders."[21] He carried a "full dress sword tassled in gold."[21] Attendants The royal couple had seven bridal attendants. Eleven-year-old Lord Nicholas Windsor, son of the Duke and Duchess of Kent, and eight-year-old Edward van Cutsem, godsons of the Prince of Wales, were page boys. Diana's bridesmaids were seventeen-year-old Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, daughter of the Earl of Snowdon and Princess Margaret;[44] thirteen-year-old India Hicks, daughter of David and Lady Pamela Hicks, and granddaughter of Lord Louis Mountbatten; six-year-old Catherine Cameron, daughter of Donald and Lady Cecil Cameron and granddaughter of the Marquess of Lothian; eleven-year-old Sarah-Jane Gaselee, daughter of Nick Gaselee and his wife; and five-year-old Clementine Hambro, daughter of Rupert Hambro and the Hon Mrs Hambro and granddaughter of Lord and Lady Soames and great-granddaughter of Winston Churchill.[20][45] Princes Andrew and Edward were the Prince of Wales's supporters (the equivalent of "best man" for a royal wedding).[20] Guests Main article: List of wedding guests of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer Prime Minister of New Zealand Robert Muldoon and his wife Thea Muldoon attending the royal wedding All of the governors-general of the Commonwealth realms, as well as the reigning European monarchs, attended, with the exception of King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía of Spain. (The Spanish king was "advised" not to attend by his government because the newlyweds' honeymoon included a stopover in the disputed territory of Gibraltar).[46] Most of Europe's elected heads of state were among the guests, with the exceptions of the President of Greece, Constantine Karamanlis (who declined because Greece's exiled monarch, Constantine II, a kinsman and friend of the bridegroom, had been invited as "King of the Hellenes"), and the President of Ireland, Patrick Hillery (who was advised by Taoiseach Charles Haughey not to attend because of the dispute over the status of Northern Ireland).[fn 1] First Lady Nancy Reagan represented the United States at the wedding.[47] While Gambian President Dawda Jawara attended the wedding, the Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party attempted a coup d'état in his home country.[48] Among other invitees were the couple's friends and the bride invited the staff of the nursery school in which she had worked to the wedding.[21] Spike Milligan and Harry Secombe were among the entertainers who were invited to the ceremony by the Prince of Wales.[21] Reception The couple and 120 guests went to Buckingham Palace for a wedding breakfast following the ceremony.[7] Diana and Charles made a traditional appearance on a balcony of Buckingham Palace at 13:10 BST, and delighted the crowd when they kissed,[2][7] initiating the tradition of kissing the bride on the balcony.[47] Over the night, fireworks were displayed above Hyde Park and 100 beacons were lit up across the country to celebrate the royal wedding.[21] The couple had 27 wedding cakes.[9] The Naval Armed Forces supplied the official wedding cake. David Avery, head baker at the Royal Naval cooking school in Chatham Kent, made the cake over 14 weeks. They made two identical cakes in case one was damaged. The Prince of Wales's coat of arms and the Spencer family's crest were used in the decoration of the five-foot-tall layered fruitcake which weighed 225 pounds.[9][49] The couple's other wedding cake was created by Belgian pastry chef SG Sender, who was known as the "cakemaker to the kings".[50] Another wedding cake was created by Chef Nicholas Lodge; Chef Nicholas had previously made the Queen Mother's 80th Birthday Cake and also commissioned to create a Christening Cake for Prince Harry.[51] A slice of the couple's wedding cake was later auctioned off by Julien's Auctions in 2018 and was estimated to sell between $800–$1,200.[52] Another slice sold for £1,850 ($2,565) in a 2021 auction.[53] An estimated 750 million people watched the ceremony worldwide,[2] and this figure allegedly rose to a billion when the radio audience is added in, although there are no means of verifying these figures.[7] 28.4 million watched the event on BBC and ITV in the UK.[54] Angela Rippon, Peter Woods, Tom Fleming, Wynford Vaughan-Thomas, Rolf Harris, and Terry Wogan provided the coverage for the BBC on television and radio.[54] BBC Two's coverage was designed to draw in hearing impaired viewers by providing subtitles, which marked "the first big outing for the Palantype system".[54] The event was broadcast in 50 countries with near 100 television companies covering it.[21] In the UK, the National Grid reported a huge surge in demand for power after the service.[55] The wedding ceremony was positively received by the public,[56] and according to The New York Times symbolised "the continuity of the monarchy" in the UK.[29] A number of ceremonies and parties were held at different places by the public to celebrate the occasion across the United Kingdom.[57][58][59] 600,000 people lined the streets of London to watch the ceremony,[54] and it was estimated that around 10 million people took part in the street parties.[60] The wedding was widely broadcast on television and radio in many countries, and news channels covered the ceremony in different languages.[61] Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom John Betjeman released a poem in honour of the couple.[57] A group of people left London and travelled to France and Ireland in protest to the wedding. Others released black balloons over London amidst the wedding procession.[29] Gifts The couple received gifts from foreign officials, including an engraved Steuben glass bowl and Boehm porcelain centerpiece from the United States; a set of antique furniture and "a watercolor of loons" by Canadian Robert Bateman for Prince Charles, together with "a large brooch of gold, diamonds and platinum" for Diana from Canada; handcrafted silver platters from Australia; an "all-wool broadloom carpet" from New Zealand; "a matching diamond and sapphire watch, bracelet, pendant, ring, and earrings" from the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia; a "small oil painting by the American artist Henry Kohler of Prince Charles playing polo" as the personal gift of John J. Louis Jr., the American ambassador to the UK; and a clock in Art Deco style by Cartier's chief designer, Daniel Ciacquinot.[9][62] The Edinburgh District Council was among the organisations that made a charitable donation in honour of the couple's wedding and donated $92,500 to the Thistle Fund, "a charity for the disabled".[62] The Greater Manchester Council offered engineering apprenticeships for a small number of unemployed young people, and Cambridge University sent "a spare copy of The Complete English Traveller" by Robert Sanders.[62] The Worshipful Company of Glovers of London presented the couple with gloves made out of leather, silks and cotton. A number of these gifts were displayed at St James's Palace from 5 August to 4 October 1981.[62] Honeymoon A "just married" sign was attached to the landau by Princes Andrew and Edward.[29] The couple was driven over Westminster Bridge to catch the train from Waterloo station to Romsey in Hampshire to begin their honeymoon.[2] The couple left from Waterloo station in the British Royal Train + 975025 Caroline. They travelled to Broadlands, where Prince Charles's parents had spent their wedding night in 1947.[44] They stayed there for three days,[44] then flew to Gibraltar, where they boarded the Royal Yacht Britannia for an eleven-day cruise of the Mediterranean, visiting Tunisia, Sardinia, Greece and Egypt.[29] Then they flew to Scotland, where the rest of the royal family had gathered at Balmoral Castle, and spent time in a hunting lodge on the estate. During that time, the press was given an arranged opportunity to take pictures.[63] Despite their happy appearance, Diana's suspicion over Charles having an enduring affection for his former lover Camilla grew as Camilla's photographs fell out of his diary and Diana discovered that he was wearing cufflinks that were given to him by Camilla.[22][64] By the time the couple returned from their honeymoon, their wedding gifts were displayed at St James's Palace.[21] See also     icon1980s portaliconMonarchy portal     Abduction of Vishal Mehrotra, infamous unsolved abduction of a child that occurred in London on the day of the wedding     A Royal Wedding Suite Notes     The period when the advice was given coincided with a change of government. Traditionally Irish presidents and British royalty did not meet publicly because of the Northern Ireland issue. References "The Royal Wedding of HRH The Prince of Wales and the Lady Diana Spencer". BBC One. 29 July 1981. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019. "1981: Charles and Diana marry". On This Day. BBC News. 29 July 1982. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "International Special Report: Princess Diana, 1961–1997". The Washington Post. 30 January 1999. Archived from the original on 19 August 2000. Retrieved 13 October 2008.(registration required) "Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer's wedding". BBC History. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2018. "Royal weekend fuels rumours". The Age. 17 November 1980. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2013 – via Google News. Dimbleby 1994, p. 279. Jone Johnson Lewis. "Princess Diana's Wedding". ThoughtCo. DotDash. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2020. Morton 1997, p. 118. Miller, Julie (17 April 2018). "Inside Princess Diana's Royal Wedding Fairy Tale". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. "Prince Charles' engagement announcements". The Royal Wedding of The Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer. BBC One. 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Alexander, Ella (28 November 2017). "6 crucial differences between Charles & Diana and Harry & Meghan's engagement interviews". Harper's Bazaar. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Holt, Bethan (24 February 2017). "No gloves and high split skirts: How Princess Diana rewrote the rules of royal dressing". The Telegraph. Telegraph media Group. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018. Bowles, Hamish (25 April 2011). "Photos: History of Royal Weddings". Vogue. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018. "Princess Diana's engagement ring". Ringenvy. September 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010. "Queen Mother on 'abhorrent' Diana, Princess of Wales". The Telegraph. London. 17 September 2009. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015. "NPG P218; Diana, Princess of Wales". National Portrait Gallery. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019. Berrington, Katie; Roy, Poppy (11 October 2018). "Royal Portraits In Vogue". British Vogue. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019. "Clayton Howard". The Times. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2017.(registration required) Rippon, Angela (8 November 2020). "Looking back now, my interview with Charles and Diana makes me so sad". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 August 2022. Apple Jr, RW (28 July 1981). "Charles and Lady Diana Rehearse the Wedding". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Downie Jr, Leonard (26 July 1981). "The Royal Wedding". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2018. Dockterman, Eliana; Haynes, Suyin (15 November 2020). "The True Story Behind The Crown's Prince Charles, Princess Diana and Camilla Parker Bowles Love Triangle". Time. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Elser, Daniela (26 July 2019). "The moment Diana discovered Prince Charles's love affair with Camilla". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 September 2022. "Increased security for Charles and Diana's wedding". BBC Midday News. BBC One. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018. Phillips, Mark (27 July 1981). "Policing the 1981 royal wedding". Digital Archives. CBC. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Lubin, Gus (28 April 2011). "The 12 Most Expensive Weddings In History". Business Insider. Insider. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. "Most expensive weddings of all time". CBS News. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. "Command: Regimental Sergeant Major". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 8 April 2011.[dead link] Apple Jr, RW (29 July 1981). "Amid Splendor, Charles Weds Diana". On this Day. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018. Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York City: Basic Books. p. 98. ISBN 0-465-04195-7. Proudfoot, Jenny (26 April 2017). "Here's the big mistake that happened on Princess Diana and Prince Charles' wedding day". Marie Claire. TI Media. Archived from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Mulligan, Hugh (25 August 2017). "AP Was There: Prince Charles and Princess Diana's wedding". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018. Royal Wedding[dead link] The Times, 29 July 1981, page 15 Rothstein, Edward (22 July 1981). "Anthem is Composed for Royal Bridal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016. "Sir David Willcocks (1919–2015) Musical Director of The Bach Choir for 38 Years". The Bach Choir. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2020. Denney, Colleen (April 2005). Representing Diana, Princess of Wales: cultural memory and fairy tales revisited. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8386-4023-4. Retrieved 30 April 2011. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022. Shunatona, Brooke (19 May 2018). "4 Ways Meghan Markle's Wedding Hair and Makeup is Totally Different From Princess Diana and Kate's". Cosmopolitan. Archived from the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018. Stolman, Steven (11 June 2018). "Princess Diana's Personal Hairdresser Shares his Memories of the Late Royal". Town & Country. Hearst Digital Media. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019. Vargas, Chanel (7 March 2018). "Every Detail About Princess Diana's Iconic Wedding Dress". Town & Country. Hearst Digital Media. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018. Hill, Erin (29 July 2018). "All About Princess Diana's Wedding Day Perfume — and How She Accidentally Spilled It on Her Dress!". People. Meredith Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019. "Royal Wedding Dresses throughout history". UK Royal Family. 11 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018. Proudfoot, Jenny (2 May 2018). "This is why the Queen made Princess Diana have two wedding bouquets". Marie Claire. TI Media. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018. Downie Jr., Leonard (29 July 1981). "Britain Celebrates, Charles Takes a Bride". Washington Post. p. A01. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2013.(registration required) Perry, Simon (3 May 2018). "The Surprising Link Between Harry and Meghan's Royal Wedding and Charles and Diana's". People. Meredith Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Apple Jr, RW (25 July 1981). "Prince's Guest List embraces Kings and Charwomen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017. Moss, Hilary (29 April 2011). "A Look Back At Princess Diana & Prince Charles' Wedding". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2018. Kisangani, Emizet F.; Pickering, Jeffrey (30 November 2021). African Interventions: State Militaries, Foreign Powers, and Rebel Forces (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108550802.002. ISBN 978-1-108-55080-2. S2CID 240255564. Goldman, Leah (29 April 2011). "Flashback: Diana's Wedding Was Four Times As Expensive, And Her Train Was 17-Feet Longer". Business Insider. Insider. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. "Belgian "cakemaker to the kings" dies". Expatica. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2009. "About Nicholas Lodge". International Sugar Art Collection. Nicholas Lodge. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020. Samuelson, Kate (4 May 2018). "Endlessly Appetizing 37-Year-Old Royal Wedding Cake Up For Auction". Time. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. Guy, Jack (12 August 2021). "Slice of Charles and Diana's 1981 wedding cake sells for 'unexpected' price". CNN. Retrieved 18 August 2021. "The Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer". BBC. 29 July 1981. Retrieved 20 August 2022. Hornby, Win; Gammie, Robert; Wall, Stuart (2001). Business Economics. Financial Times Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780273646037. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2020. Soames, Emma (3 December 2017). "From The Archive: Remembering The Prince Of Wales And Lady Diana Spencer's Wedding". British Vogue. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018. Bates, Stephen (24 April 2011). "'The stuff of fairytales': royal wedding celebrations 30 years ago". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018. "Scotland celebrates as Prince Charles marries Diana". BBC Midday News. BBC One. 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. "Wales celebrates the marriage of Charles and Diana". BBC Midday news. BBC One. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Fraser, Katie (6 April 2011). "Royal wedding: Why so few street parties?". BBC. Retrieved 31 May 2022. "Although the figures are hard to come by, the Daily Telegraph recently said there were 10 million street party-goers in 1981 for Charles and Diana's wedding." "Translators prepare for Prince Charles' wedding coverage". BBC News. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Goodman, Susan (27 July 1981). "Royal Wedding Gifts: Extraordinary and Ordinary Diana". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019. "Charles and Diana's Short Honeymoon". Los Angeles Times. 1 July 1992. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2018.     Rose, Hilary (9 November 2020). "The Crown: why Charles and Camilla may not be amused". The Times. Retrieved 19 November 2020. Bibliography     Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-12996-X.     Morton, Andrew (1997) [1992]. Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85080-X. External links     Order of Service for the wedding     "Wedding of Charles and Diana". Times Online. Times Newspapers. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009.     The Royal Wedding Cakes Classic Celebration Cakes Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.     vte Charles III King (2022–present) Realms         Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom Titles and honours         Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Supreme Governor of the Church of England Head of the Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces Lord of Mann Duke of Normandy King's Official Birthday Flags Family         Camilla Shand (wife) Diana Spencer (former wife) William, Prince of Wales (elder son) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (younger son) Elizabeth II (mother) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (father) Anne, Princess Royal (sister) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (brother) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (brother) Mountbatten-Windsor (family) Life as Prince of Wales         Investiture         Coronet First wedding         guest list Second wedding Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd Black spider memos 2022 State Opening of Parliament 2022 royal tour of Canada Accession and coronation         Proclamation of accession Coronation         Medal Concert guest list Coronation quiche Scottish service Reign         Household Prime ministers Operation Menai Bridge State and official visits         2023 visits to France; Kenya 2023 Trooping the Colour 2023 State Opening of Parliament Charities and campaigns         Mutton Renaissance Campaign The Prince's Charities         British Asian Trust Business in the Community Children & the Arts In Kind Direct iwill Campaign The Prince's Countryside Fund The King's Foundation The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health The Prince's School of Traditional Arts King Charles III Charitable Fund Royal Drawing School Turquoise Mountain Foundation Youth Business Scotland The Prince's May Day Network Prince's Trust Sustainable Markets Initiative         Great Reset Residences     As King         Buckingham Palace (official) Windsor Castle (official) Holyrood Palace (official, Scotland) Hillsborough Castle (official, Northern Ireland) Sandringham House (private) Balmoral Castle (private) Craigowan Lodge (private) As Prince of Wales         Clarence House (official) Highgrove House (private) Birkhall Llwynywermod Awards given and created         List of awards received Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership The Sun Military Awards Business ventures         Duchy Home Farm Dumfries House Highgrove House Shops Knockroon Nansledan Poundbury Waitrose Duchy Organic Depictions     Televised addresses         Royal address to the nation Royal Christmas Message Documentaries         Royal Family (1969) Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role (1994) Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007) Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016) Charles R: The Making of a Monarch (2023) Film and television         Chorus Girls (1981) Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) Spitting Image (1984–1996, 2020–2021) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Whatever Love Means (2005) The Queen (2006 film) The Queen (2009 TV serial) King Charles III (2017 film) The Windsors (2016–2020 TV series) The Crown (2016–) The Prince (2021) Spencer (2021) Plays         Her Royal Highness..? (1981) King Charles III (2014) Diana (2019/2021) The Windsors: Endgame (2021) Music         Buckingham Blues (1983) Prince Charles (1986) Bibliography         The Old Man of Lochnagar (1980) A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture (1989) Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World (2010) Climate Change (2023) Eponyms         Prince Charles Island Prince Charles Mountains Prince Charles stream tree frog     ← Elizabeth II     vte Diana, Princess of Wales 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997 Titles (1981–1996)         Princess of Wales Duchess of Cornwall Duchess of Rothesay Countess of Chester Baroness of Renfrew Family         Charles III (former husband) William, Prince of Wales (elder son) Harry, Duke of Sussex (younger son) John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (father) Frances Shand Kydd (mother) Lady Sarah McCorquodale (sister) Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes (sister) Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (brother) Spencer family Life events         Wedding         guest list Squidgygate Panorama interview Fashion         Wedding dress Jewels Travolta dress Revenge dress Lady Dior Gucci Diana Charities         International Campaign to Ban Landmines Landmine Survivors Network Barnardo's Centrepoint Turning Point National AIDS Trust The Leprosy Mission English National Ballet The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Great Ormond Street Hospital Death         People's princess Funeral Operation Paget Conspiracy theories People         Dodi Fayed (romantic partner) Trevor Rees-Jones (bodyguard) Memorials         "Candle in the Wind" Concert for Diana Diana Award Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground Diana, Princess of Wales: Tribute Diana, Princess of Wales Tribute Concert Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk Innocent Victims Place Diana         Flame of Liberty Princess Diana Memorial Princess of Wales Bridge Princess of Wales Theatre Rosa 'Diana, Princess of Wales' Rosa 'Princess of Wales' Statue of Diana, Princess of Wales West Heath School Popular culture     Books         Diana: Her True Story (1992) Diana in Search of Herself (1999) 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess (2002) If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things (2002) Diana: Closely Guarded Secret (2002) The Little White Car (2004) The Murder of Princess Diana (2004) Princess Diana's Revenge (2006) The Diana Chronicles (2007) The Accident Man (2011) Untold Story (2011) Film and television         Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) Spitting Image (1984–1996) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Diana: Her True Story (1993) Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess (1998) Diana: The Rose Conspiracy (2005) Whatever Love Means (2005) The Queen (2006) Diana: Last Days of a Princess (2007) The Murder of Princess Diana (2007) Diana (2013) The Crown (2020–) Spencer (2021) Documentaries         The Queen (2009 TV serial) Unlawful Killing (2011) Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy (2017) The Story of Diana (2017) Diana: In Her Own Words (2017) Diana, 7 Days (2017) The Princess (2022) Plays and musicals         Her Royal Highness..? (1981) Diana (2019) Songs         "Buckingham Blues" "Diana" (Bryan Adams song) "Ain't Nuttin' But Music" "Dance in the Dark" Portraits         Diana, Princess of Wales (Bryan Organ portrait)     vte British royal weddings since 1840 19th century         Queen Victoria and Prince Albert (1840) Princess Augusta and Prince Frederick William (1843) Princess Victoria and Prince Frederick (1858) Princess Alice and Prince Louis (1862) Prince Albert Edward and Princess Alexandra (1863) Princess Mary Adelaide and Prince Francis (1866) Princess Helena and Prince Christian (1866) Princess Louise and John Campbell (1871) Prince Arthur and Princess Louise Margaret (1879) Princess Frederica and Alphons von Pawel-Rammingen (1880) Prince Leopold and Princess Helen (1882) Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry (1885) Princess Louise and Alexander Duff (1889) Prince George and Princess Victoria Mary (1893) Princess Maud and Prince Carl (1896) 20th century         Princess Alice and Prince Alexander (1904) Princess Margaret and Prince Gustaf Adolf (1905) Prince Arthur and Princess Alexandra (1913) Princess Mary and Henry Lascelles (1922) Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1923) Prince George and Princess Marina (1934) Prince Henry and Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (1935) Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten (1947) Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones (1960) Prince Edward and Katharine Worsley (1961) Princess Alexandra and Angus Ogilvy (1963) Prince Richard and Birgitte van Deurs (1972) Princess Anne and Mark Phillips (1973) Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (1981) Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson (1986) Princess Anne and Timothy Laurence (1992) Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones (1999) 21st century         Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles (2005) Prince William and Catherine Middleton (2011) Prince Harry and Meghan Markle (2018) Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank (2018) Princess Beatrice and Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi (2020) Category Categories:     Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer1981 in British television1981 in LondonBritish royal weddingsJuly 1981 events in the United KingdomMarriage, unions and partnerships in EnglandParades in LondonRoyal weddings in the 20th centurySt Paul's CathedralCharles III Charles III     Article     Talk     Read     View source     View history Tools This is a good article. Click here for more information. Page semi-protected From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from King Charles III) "Charles, Prince of Wales" and "Prince Charles" redirect here. For other uses, see Charles, Prince of Wales (disambiguation); Prince Charles (disambiguation); and Charles III (disambiguation). Charles III Head of the Commonwealth Photograph of Charles III Charles III in 2023 King of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms[note 1] Reign    8 September 2022 – present Coronation    6 May 2023 Predecessor    Elizabeth II Heir apparent    William, Prince of Wales Born    Prince Charles of Edinburgh 14 November 1948 (age 75) Buckingham Palace, London, England Spouses         Diana Spencer     ​     ​     (m. 1981; div. 1996)​     Camilla Parker Bowles     ​     ​     (m. 2005)​ Issue Detail         William, Prince of Wales     Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex Names Charles Philip Arthur George[note 2] House    Windsor[1] Father    Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Mother    Elizabeth II Religion    Protestant[note 3] Signature    Charles's signature in black ink Education    Gordonstoun School Alma mater    Trinity College, Cambridge (MA) Military career Allegiance    United Kingdom Service/branch         Royal Navy     Royal Air Force Years of active service    1971–1976 Rank    Full list Commands held    HMS Bronington Charles III's voice Duration: 2 minutes and 54 seconds.2:54 Speech to the Scottish Parliament following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II Recorded 12 September 2022 Royal family of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms.[note 1] Charles was born in Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and became heir apparent when his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, acceded to the throne in 1952. He was created Prince of Wales in 1958 and his investiture was held in 1969. He was educated at Cheam School and Gordonstoun, and later spent six months at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia. After earning a history degree from the University of Cambridge, Charles served in the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer. They had two sons, William and Harry. Charles and Diana divorced in 1996, after they had each engaged in well-publicised extramarital affairs. Diana died as a result of injuries sustained in a car crash the following year. In 2005, Charles married his long-term partner, Camilla Parker Bowles. As heir apparent, Charles undertook official duties and engagements on behalf of his mother. He founded the Prince's Trust in 1976, sponsored the Prince's Charities, and became patron or president of more than 800 other charities and organisations. He advocated for the conservation of historic buildings and the importance of architecture in society. In that vein, he generated the experimental new town of Poundbury. An environmentalist, Charles supported organic farming and action to prevent climate change during his time as the manager of the Duchy of Cornwall estates, earning him awards and recognition as well as criticism; he is also a prominent critic of the adoption of genetically modified food, while his support for alternative medicine has been criticised. He has authored or co-authored 17 books. Charles became king upon his mother's death on 8 September 2022. At the age of 73, he became the oldest person to accede to the British throne, after having been the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales in British history. His coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023. Early life, family, and education An infant Charles in a white christening gown with his parents and grandparents Christening of Charles (centre, wearing the royal christening gown) in 1948: (from left to right) his grandfather King George VI; his mother, Princess Elizabeth, holding him; his father, Philip; and his grandmother Queen Elizabeth Charles was born at 21:14 (GMT) on 14 November 1948,[2] during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI. He was the first child of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[3] His parents had three more children, Anne (born 1950), Andrew (born 1960) and Edward (born 1964). On 15 December 1948, at four weeks old, he was christened Charles Philip Arthur George in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher.[note 4][note 5][7][8] George VI died on 6 February 1952 and Charles's mother acceded to the throne as Elizabeth II; Charles immediately became the heir apparent. Under a charter of Edward III in 1337, and as the monarch's eldest son, he automatically assumed the traditional titles of Duke of Cornwall and, in the Scottish peerage, the titles Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.[9] On 2 June the following year, Charles attended his mother's coronation at Westminster Abbey.[10] When Charles turned five, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to oversee his education at Buckingham Palace.[11] Charles then commenced classes at Hill House School in west London on 7 November 1956.[12] He was the first heir apparent to attend school, rather than be educated by a private tutor.[13] He did not receive preferential treatment from the school's founder and headmaster, Stuart Townend, who advised the Queen to have Charles train in football, because the boys were never deferential to anyone on the football field.[14] Charles subsequently attended two of his father's former schools: Cheam School in Hampshire,[15] from 1958,[12] followed by Gordonstoun, in the north-east of Scotland, beginning classes there in April 1962.[12][16] A young Prince Charles with his mother, Elizabeth II; his father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh; and his sister, Princess Anne With his parents and sister Anne, October 1957 In his 1994 authorised biography by Jonathan Dimbleby, Charles's parents were described as physically and emotionally distant and Philip was blamed for his disregard of Charles's sensitive nature, including forcing him to attend Gordonstoun, where he was bullied.[17] Though Charles reportedly described Gordonstoun, noted for its especially rigorous curriculum, as "Colditz in kilts",[15] he later praised the school, stating it had taught him "a great deal about myself and my own abilities and disabilities". He said in a 1975 interview he was "glad" he had attended Gordonstoun and that the "toughness of the place" was "much exaggerated".[18] In 1966, Charles spent two terms at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia, during which time he visited Papua New Guinea on a school trip with his history tutor, Michael Collins Persse.[19][20] In 1973, Charles described his time at Timbertop as the most enjoyable part of his whole education.[21] Upon his return to Gordonstoun, Charles emulated his father in becoming head boy and left in 1967, with six GCE O-levels and two A-levels in history and French, at grades B and C respectively.[19][22] On his education, Charles later remarked, "I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have; but, that was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else".[18] Charles broke royal tradition when he proceeded straight to university after his A-levels, rather than joining the British Armed Forces.[15] In October 1967, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied archaeology and anthropology for the first part of the Tripos and then switched to history for the second part.[7][19][23] During his second year, Charles attended the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth, studying Welsh history and the Welsh language for one term.[19] Charles became the first British heir apparent to earn a university degree, graduating on 23 June 1970 from the University of Cambridge with a 2:2 Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.[19][24] Following standard practice, on 2 August 1975, his Bachelor of Arts was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree.[19] Prince of Wales Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 26 July 1958,[25] though his investiture was not held until 1 July 1969, when he was crowned by his mother in a televised ceremony held at Caernarfon Castle;[26] the investiture was controversial in Wales owing to growing Welsh nationalist sentiment.[27] He took his seat in the House of Lords the following year[28] and he delivered his maiden speech on 13 June 1974,[29] the first royal to speak from the floor since the future Edward VII in 1884.[30] He spoke again in 1975.[31] Charles began to take on more public duties, founding the Prince's Trust in 1976[32] and travelling to the United States in 1981.[33] In the mid-1970s, Charles expressed an interest in serving as governor-general of Australia, at the suggestion of Australian prime minister Malcolm Fraser; however, because of a lack of public enthusiasm, nothing came of the proposal.[34] In reaction, Charles commented, "so, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?"[35] Military training and career Charles served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy. During his second year at Cambridge, he received Royal Air Force training, learning to fly the Chipmunk aircraft with the Cambridge University Air Squadron,[36][37] and was presented with his RAF wings in August 1971.[38] Three county-class destroyers sailing in the English Channel (Front to back) HMS Norfolk, London, and Antrim in the English Channel following joint exercises with the RAF in December 1971. Charles was serving aboard the Norfolk at this time. After the passing-out parade that September, Charles embarked on a naval career and enrolled in a six-week course at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth. He then served from 1971 to 1972 on the guided-missile destroyer HMS Norfolk and the frigates HMS Minerva, from 1972 to 1973, and HMS Jupiter in 1974. That same year, he also qualified as a helicopter pilot at RNAS Yeovilton and subsequently joined 845 Naval Air Squadron, operating from HMS Hermes.[39] Charles spent his last 10 months of active service in the Navy commanding the coastal minehunter HMS Bronington, beginning on 9 February 1976.[39] He took part in a parachute training course at RAF Brize Norton two years later, after being appointed colonel-in-chief of the Parachute Regiment in 1977.[40] Charles gave up flying after, as a passenger who was invited to fly the aircraft, crash-landing a BAe 146 in Islay in 1994, for which the crew was found negligent by a board of inquiry.[41] Relationships and marriages Bachelorhood In his youth, Charles was amorously linked to a number of women. His girlfriends included Georgiana Russell, the daughter of Sir John Russell, who was the British ambassador to Spain;[42] Lady Jane Wellesley, the daughter of the 8th Duke of Wellington;[43] Davina Sheffield;[44] Lady Sarah Spencer;[45] and Camilla Shand, who later became his second wife.[46] Portrait of Charles, seated, taken in 1972 Photograph by Allan Warren, 1972 Charles's great-uncle Lord Mountbatten advised him to "sow his wild oats and have as many affairs as he can before settling down", but, for a wife, he "should choose a suitable, attractive, and sweet-charactered girl before she has met anyone else she might fall for ... It is disturbing for women to have experiences if they have to remain on a pedestal after marriage".[47] Early in 1974, Mountbatten began corresponding with 25-year-old Charles about a potential marriage to Amanda Knatchbull, Mountbatten's granddaughter.[48] Charles wrote to Amanda's mother, Lady Brabourne, who was also his godmother, expressing interest in her daughter. Lady Brabourne replied approvingly; though, she suggested that a courtship with a 16-year-old was premature.[49] Four years later, Mountbatten arranged for Amanda and himself to accompany Charles on his 1980 visit to India. Both fathers, however, objected; Prince Philip feared that his famous uncle[note 6] would eclipse Charles, while Lord Brabourne warned that a joint visit would concentrate media attention on the cousins before they could decide on becoming a couple.[50] In August 1979, before Charles would depart alone for India, Mountbatten was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army. When Charles returned, he proposed to Amanda. But in addition to her grandfather, she had lost her paternal grandmother and youngest brother in the bomb attack and was now reluctant to join the royal family.[50] Lady Diana Spencer Main article: Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer With Diana during their visit to Uluru in Australia, March 1983 Charles first met Lady Diana Spencer in 1977, while he was visiting her home, Althorp. He was then the companion of her elder sister Sarah and did not consider Diana romantically until mid-1980. While Charles and Diana were sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, she mentioned that he had looked forlorn and in need of care at the funeral of his great-uncle Lord Mountbatten. Soon, according to Dimbleby, "without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride" and she accompanied Charles on visits to Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House.[51] Charles's cousin Norton Knatchbull and his wife told Charles that Diana appeared awestruck by his position and that he did not seem to be in love with her.[52] Meanwhile, the couple's continuing courtship attracted intense attention from the press and paparazzi. When Philip told him that the media speculation would injure Diana's reputation if Charles did not come to a decision about marrying her soon, and realising that she was a suitable royal bride (according to Mountbatten's criteria), Charles construed his father's advice as a warning to proceed without further delay.[53] He proposed to Diana in February 1981, with their engagement becoming official on 24 February; the wedding took place in St Paul's Cathedral on 29 July. Upon his marriage, Charles reduced his voluntary tax contribution from the profits of the Duchy of Cornwall from 50 per cent to 25 per cent.[54] The couple lived at Kensington Palace and Highgrove House, near Tetbury, and had two children: William, in 1982, and Harry, in 1984.[13] Charles giving a speech at a podium, with Diana standing to his right With Diana at the Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton, Canada, June 1983 Within five years, the marriage was in trouble due to the couple's incompatibility and near 13-year age difference.[55][56] By November 1986, Charles had fully resumed his affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.[57] In a videotape recorded by Peter Settelen in 1992, Diana admitted that she had been "deeply in love with someone who worked in this environment."[58][59] It was assumed that she was referring to Barry Mannakee,[60] who had been transferred to the Diplomatic Protection Squad in 1986, after his managers determined his relationship with Diana had been inappropriate.[59][61] Diana later commenced a relationship with Major James Hewitt, the family's former riding instructor.[62] Charles and Diana's evident discomfort in each other's company led to them being dubbed "The Glums" by the press.[63] Diana exposed Charles's affair with Parker Bowles in a book by Andrew Morton, Diana: Her True Story. Audio tapes of her own extramarital flirtations also surfaced,[63] as did persistent suggestions that Hewitt is Prince Harry's father, based on a physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry. However, Harry had already been born by the time Diana's affair with Hewitt began.[64] In December 1992, John Major announced the couple's legal separation in the House of Commons. Early the following year, the British press published transcripts of a passionate, bugged telephone conversation between Charles and Parker Bowles that had taken place in 1989, which was dubbed "Camillagate" and "Tampongate".[65] Charles subsequently sought public understanding in a television film with Dimbleby, Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role, broadcast on 29 June 1994. In an interview in the film, Charles confirmed his own extramarital affair with Parker Bowles, saying that he had rekindled their association in 1986, only after his marriage to Diana had "irretrievably broken down".[66][67] This was followed by Diana's own admission of marital troubles in an interview on the BBC current affairs show Panorama, broadcast on 20 November 1995.[68] Referring to Charles's relationship with Parker Bowles, she said, "well, there were three of us in this marriage. So, it was a bit crowded." She also expressed doubt about her husband's suitability for kingship.[69] Charles and Diana divorced on 28 August 1996,[70] after being advised by the Queen in December 1995 to end the marriage.[71] The couple shared custody of their children.[72] Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. Charles flew to Paris with Diana's sisters to accompany her body back to Britain.[73] In 2003, Diana's butler Paul Burrell published a note that he claimed had been written by Diana in 1995, in which there were allegations that Charles was "planning 'an accident' in [Diana's] car, brake failure and serious head injury", so that he could marry again.[74] When questioned by the Metropolitan Police inquiry team as a part of Operation Paget, Charles told the authorities that he did not know about his former wife's note from 1995 and could not understand why she had those feelings.[75] Camilla Parker Bowles Main article: Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles Charles and Camilla stand next to each other Charles and Camilla in Jamaica, March 2008 The engagement of the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles was announced on 10 February 2005.[76] The Queen's consent to the marriage – as required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772 – was recorded in a Privy Council meeting on 2 March.[77] In Canada, the Department of Justice determined the consent of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada was not required, as the union would not produce any heirs to the Canadian throne.[78] Charles was the only member of the royal family to have a civil, rather than a church, wedding in England. British government documents from the 1950s and 1960s, published by the BBC, stated that such a marriage was illegal; these claims were dismissed by Charles's spokesman[79] and explained by the sitting government to have been repealed by the Registration Service Act 1953.[80] The union was scheduled to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious blessing at the castle's St George's Chapel. The wedding venue was changed to Windsor Guildhall after it was realised a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to be available to anyone who wished to be married there. Four days before the event, it was postponed from the originally scheduled date of 8 April until the following day in order to allow Charles and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[81] Charles's parents did not attend the marriage ceremony; the Queen's reluctance to attend possibly arose from her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England.[82] The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did attend the service of blessing and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle.[83] The blessing by Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams was televised.[84] Official duties See also: List of official overseas trips made by Charles III Black and white photograph of Charles in Gujarat with a crowd of people, 1980 With Harichand Megha Dalaya at Amul, in Anand, Gujarat, December 1980 In 1965, Charles undertook his first public engagement by attending a student garden party at the Palace of Holyroodhouse.[85] During his time as Prince of Wales, he undertook official duties on behalf of the Queen,[86] completing 10,934 engagements between 2002 and 2022.[87] He officiated at investitures and attended the funerals of foreign dignitaries.[88] Charles made regular tours of Wales, fulfilling a week of engagements each summer, and attending important national occasions, such as opening the Senedd.[89] The six trustees of the Royal Collection Trust met three times a year under his chairmanship.[90] Charles also represented his mother at the independence celebrations in Fiji in 1970,[91] the Bahamas in 1973,[92] Papua New Guinea in 1975,[93] Zimbabwe in 1980,[94] and Brunei in 1984.[95] In 1983, Christopher John Lewis, who had fired a shot with a .22 rifle at the Queen in 1981, attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital in order to assassinate Charles, who was visiting New Zealand with Diana and William.[96] While Charles was visiting Australia on Australia Day in January 1994, David Kang fired two shots at him from a starting pistol in protest of the treatment of several hundred Cambodian asylum seekers held in detention camps.[97] In 1995, Charles became the first member of the royal family to visit the Republic of Ireland in an official capacity.[98] In 1997, Charles represented the Queen at the Hong Kong handover ceremony.[99][100] Charles shaking hands with a crowd Charles's ninth tour of New Zealand in 2015 At the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Charles caused controversy when he shook hands with the president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, who had been seated next to him. Charles's office subsequently released a statement saying that he could not avoid shaking Mugabe's hand and that he "finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent".[101] Charles represented the Queen at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India.[102] In November 2010, he and Camilla were indirectly involved in student protests when their car was attacked by protesters.[103] From 15 to 17 November 2013, he represented the Queen for the first time at a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.[104] Charles and Camilla made their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland in May 2015. The trip was called an important step in "promoting peace and reconciliation" by the British Embassy.[105] During the trip, Charles shook hands in Galway with Gerry Adams, leader of Sinn Féin and widely believed to be the leader of the IRA, the militant group that had assassinated Lord Mountbatten in 1979. The event was described by the media as a "historic handshake" and a "significant moment for Anglo-Irish relations".[106] Seated left to right are: Governor-General of New Zealand Patsy Reddy, President of France Emmanuel Macron, Prince Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May, Charles, Prince of Wales, Elizabeth II, President of the United States Donald Trump, President of Greece Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel and Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte With Queen Elizabeth II and other world leaders to mark the 75th anniversary of D-Day on 5 June 2019 Commonwealth heads of government decided at their 2018 meeting that Charles would be the next Head of the Commonwealth after the Queen.[107] The head is chosen and therefore not hereditary.[108] In March 2019, at the request of the British government, Charles and Camilla went on an official tour of Cuba, making them the first British royals to visit the country. The tour was seen as an effort to form a closer relationship between Cuba and the United Kingdom.[109] Charles contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic in March 2020.[110][111] Several newspapers were critical that Charles and Camilla were tested promptly at a time when many NHS doctors, nurses and patients had been unable to be tested expeditiously.[112] He tested positive for COVID-19 for a second time in February 2022.[113] He and Camilla, who also tested positive, had received doses of a COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021.[114] Charles seated on the Sovereign's Throne in the House of Lords during the 2022 state opening of the British Parliament. Next to him is the Imperial State Crown. Delivering the Queen's Speech to the British Parliament on behalf of his mother, May 2022 Charles attended the November 2021 ceremonies to mark Barbados's transition into a parliamentary republic, abolishing the position of monarch of Barbados.[115] He was invited by Prime Minister Mia Mottley as the future Head of the Commonwealth;[116] it was the first time that a member of the royal family attended the transition of a realm to a republic.[117] In May of the following year, Charles attended the State Opening of the British Parliament, delivering the Queen's Speech on behalf of his mother, as a counsellor of state.[118] Reign Main articles: Proclamation of accession of Charles III and Coronation of Charles III and Camilla Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament Alison Johnstone is seated next to the King. Addressing the Scottish Parliament following his accession as king Charles acceded to the British throne on his mother's death on 8 September 2022. He was the longest-serving British heir apparent, having surpassed Edward VII's record of 59 years on 20 April 2011.[119] When he became monarch at the age of 73, Charles was the oldest person to do so, the previous record holder being William IV, who was 64 when he became king in 1830.[120] Charles gave his first speech to the nation at 6 pm on 9 September, in which he paid tribute to his mother and announced the appointment of his elder son, William, as Prince of Wales.[121] The following day, the Accession Council publicly proclaimed Charles as king, the ceremony being televised for the first time.[122][107] Attendees included the new queen consort, Camilla; William, Prince of Wales; and the prime minister, Liz Truss, along with her six living predecessors.[123] The proclamation was also read out by local authorities around the United Kingdom. Other realms signed and read their own proclamations, as did Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, British Overseas Territories, Crown Dependencies, Canadian provinces, and Australian states.[124] Charles and Camilla wearing their crowns and coronation robes waving from the balcony of Buckingham Palace Charles and Camilla after their coronation Charles and Camilla's coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 2023.[125] Plans had been made for many years, under the code name Operation Golden Orb.[126][127] Reports before his accession suggested that Charles's coronation would be simpler than his mother's in 1953,[128] with the ceremony expected to be "shorter, smaller, less expensive, and more representative of different faiths and community groups – falling in line with the King's wish to reflect the ethnic diversity of modern Britain".[129] Nonetheless, the coronation was a Church of England rite, including the coronation oath, the anointment, delivery of the orb, and enthronement.[130] In July they attended a national service of thanksgiving where they were presented with the Honours of Scotland in St Giles' Cathedral.[131] Charles and Camilla have engaged in two state visits and received one in return. In November 2022 they hosted the South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa, during the first official state visit to Britain of Charles's reign.[132] In March the following year, the King and Queen embarked on a state visit to Germany; Charles became the first British monarch to address the Bundestag.[133] Similarly, in September, he became the first British monarch to give a speech from France's Senate chamber during his state visit to the country.[134] Philanthropy and charity Since founding the Prince's Trust in 1976, using his £7,500 of severance pay from the Navy,[135] Charles has established 16 more charitable organisations and now serves as president of each.[136][86] Together, they form a loose alliance, the Prince's Charities, which describes itself as "the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom, raising over £100 million annually ... [and is] active across a broad range of areas including education and young people, environmental sustainability, the built environment, responsible business and enterprise, and international".[136] As Prince of Wales, Charles became patron or president of over 800 other charities and organisations.[85] The Prince's Charities Canada was established in 2010, in a similar fashion to its namesake in Britain.[137] Charles uses his tours of Canada as a way to help draw attention to youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation, and education.[138] Charles has also set up the Prince's Charities Australia, based in Melbourne, to provide a coordinating presence for his Australian and international charitable endeavours.[139] Charles and Camilla visit the African American Heritage Center in Louisville, Kentucky, March 2015 Charles has supported humanitarian projects; for example, he and his sons took part in ceremonies that marked the 1998 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.[138] Charles was one of the first public figures to express strong concerns about the human rights record of the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, initiating objections in the international arena,[140] and subsequently supported the FARA Foundation,[7] a charity for Romanian orphans and abandoned children.[141] Investigations of donations Main articles: The Prince's Foundation § Cash for honours allegations and other donations, and The Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund § Qatari donations Two of Charles's charities, the Prince's Foundation and the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund, came under scrutiny in 2021 and 2022 for accepting donations the media deemed inappropriate. In August 2021, it was announced that the Prince's Foundation was launching an investigation into the reports,[142] with Charles's support.[143] The Charity Commission also launched an investigation into allegations that the donations meant for the Prince's Foundation had been instead sent to the Mahfouz Foundation.[144] In February 2022, the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into the cash-for-honours allegations linked to the foundation,[145] passing their evidence to the Crown Prosecution Service for deliberation on 31 October.[146] In August 2023, the Metropolitan Police announced that they had concluded their investigations and no further actions would be taken.[147] The Times reported in June 2022 that, between 2011 and 2015, Charles accepted €3 million in cash from Qatari prime minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani.[148][149] There was no evidence that the payments were illegal or that it was not intended for the money to go to the charity,[149] although, the Charity Commission stated it would review the information[150] and announced in July 2022 that there would be no further investigation.[151] In the same month, The Times reported that the Prince of Wales's Charitable Fund received a donation of £1 million from Bakr bin Laden and Shafiq bin Laden – both half-brothers of Osama bin Laden – during a private meeting in 2013.[152][153] The Charity Commission described the decision to accept donations as a "matter for trustees" and added that no investigation was required.[154] Personal interests Charles standing next to Boris Johnson with the flag of the Commonwealth of Nations behind them With Boris Johnson at the 2022 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kigali, Rwanda From young adulthood, Charles encouraged understanding of Indigenous voices, claiming they held crucial messages about preservation of the land, respecting community and shared values, resolving conflict, and recognising and making good on past iniquities.[155] Charles dovetailed this view with his efforts against climate change,[156] as well as reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples and his charitable work in Canada.[157][158] At CHOGM 2022, Charles, who was representing the Queen, raised that reconciliation process as an example for dealing with the history of slavery in the British Empire,[159] for which he expressed his sorrow.[160] Letters sent by Charles to government ministers in 2004 and 2005 expressing his concerns over various policy issues – the so-called black spider memos – presented potential embarrassment following a challenge by The Guardian newspaper to release the letters under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. In March 2015, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom decided that Charles's letters must be released[161] and the letters were published by the Cabinet Office on 13 May.[162] The reaction was largely supportive of Charles, with little criticism of him;[163] the press variously described the memos as "underwhelming"[164] and "harmless",[165] and concluded that their release had "backfired on those who seek to belittle him".[166] It was revealed in the same year that Charles had access to confidential Cabinet papers.[167] In October 2020, a letter sent by Charles to Australian governor-general John Kerr, after Kerr's dismissal of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1975, was released as part of the collection of palace letters regarding the Australian constitutional crisis.[168] In the letter, Charles was supportive of Kerr's decision, writing that what Kerr "did last year was right and the courageous thing to do".[168] Charles greeting Davidson, Sturgeon, and other members of the Scottish Parliament Meeting with Ruth Davidson and Nicola Sturgeon after the Kirking of the Scottish Parliament, May 2016 The Times reported in June 2022 that Charles had privately described the British government's Rwanda asylum plan as "appalling" and he feared that it would overshadow the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Rwanda that same month.[169] It was later claimed that Cabinet ministers had warned Charles to avoid making political comments, as they feared a constitutional crisis could arise if he continued to make such statements once he became king.[170] Built environment Charles has openly expressed his views on architecture and urban planning; he fostered the advancement of New Classical architecture and asserted that he "care[s] deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of life."[171] In a speech given for the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects on 30 May 1984, he described a proposed extension to the National Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved friend" and deplored the "glass stumps and concrete towers" of modern architecture.[172] Charles called for local community involvement in architectural choices and asked, "why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles – and functional?"[172] Charles has "a deep understanding of Islamic art and architecture" and has been involved in the construction of a building and garden at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, which combine Islamic and Oxford architectural styles.[173] Charles at the science and arts centre and educational charity At-Bristol, now called We the Curious, in 2000 At the newly opened At-Bristol, 14 June 2000 In Charles's 1989 book A Vision of Britain, and in speeches and essays, he has been critical of modern architecture, arguing that traditional designs and methods should guide contemporary ones.[174] He has continued to campaign for traditional urbanism, human scale, restoration of historic buildings, and sustainable design[175] despite criticism in the press.[176] Two of his charities – the Prince's Regeneration Trust and the Prince's Foundation for Building Community, which were later merged into one charity – promote his views. The village of Poundbury was built on land owned by the Duchy of Cornwall to a master plan by Léon Krier, under the guidance of Charles and in line with his philosophy.[171] In 2013, developments for the suburb of Nansledan began on the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall with Charles's endorsement.[177] Charles helped purchase Dumfries House and its complete collection of 18th century furnishings in 2007, taking a £20m loan from his charitable trust to contribute toward the £45m cost.[178] The house and gardens remain property of the Prince's Foundation and serve as a museum and community and skills training centre.[179][180] This led to the development of Knockroon, called the "Scottish Poundbury".[181][182] After lamenting in 1996 the unbridled destruction of many of Canada's historic urban cores, Charles offered his assistance to the Department of Canadian Heritage in creating a trust modelled on Britain's National Trust, a plan that was implemented with the passage of the federal budget in 2007.[183] In 1999, Charles agreed to the use of his title for the Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership, awarded by the National Trust for Canada to municipal governments that have committed to the conservation of historic places.[184] Whilst visiting the US and surveying the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, Charles received the National Building Museum's Vincent Scully Prize in 2005 for his efforts in regard to architecture; he donated $25,000 of the prize money towards restoring storm-damaged communities.[185] For his work as patron of New Classical architecture, Charles was awarded the 2012 Driehaus Architecture Prize from the University of Notre Dame.[186] The Worshipful Company of Carpenters installed Charles as an Honorary Liveryman "in recognition of his interest in London's architecture."[187] Charles has occasionally intervened in projects that employ architectural styles such as modernism and functionalism.[188][189] In 2009, Charles wrote to the Qatari royal family – the financier of the redevelopment of the Chelsea Barracks site – labelling Lord Rogers's design for the site "unsuitable". Rogers claimed that Charles had also intervened to block his designs for the Royal Opera House and Paternoster Square.[190] CPC Group, the project developer, took a case against Qatari Diar to the High Court.[191] After the suit was settled, the CPC Group apologised to Charles "for any offence caused ... during the course of the proceedings".[191] Natural environment Charles delivers a speech at a podium with the French and United Nations flags behind him Addressing the opening of the Paris Climate Change Conference, November 2015 Since the 1970s, Charles has promoted environmental awareness.[192] At the age of 21, he delivered his first speech on environmental issues in his capacity as the chairman of the Welsh Countryside Committee.[193] An avid gardener, Charles has also emphasised the importance of talking to plants, stating that "I happily talk to the plants and trees, and listen to them. I think it's absolutely crucial".[194] His interest in gardening began in 1980 when he took over the Highgrove estate.[195] His "healing garden", based on sacred geometry and ancient religious symbolism, went on display at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2002.[195] Upon moving into Highgrove House, Charles developed an interest in organic farming, which culminated in the 1990 launch of his own organic brand, Duchy Originals,[196] which sells more than 200 different sustainably produced products; the profits (over £6 million by 2010) are donated to the Prince's Charities.[196][197] Charles became involved with farming and various industries within it, regularly meeting with farmers to discuss their trade. A prominent critic of the practice,[198] Charles has also spoken against the use of GM crops, and in a letter to Tony Blair in 1998, Charles criticised the development of genetically modified foods.[199] The Sustainable Markets Initiative – a project that encourages putting sustainability at the centre of all activities – was launched by Charles at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos in January 2020.[200] In May of the same year, the initiative and the World Economic Forum initiated the Great Reset project, a five-point plan concerned with enhancing sustainable economic growth following the global recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[201] Charles and Camilla visit Hackney City Farm in East London, May 2009 As early as 1985, Charles was questioning meat consumption. In the 1985 Royal Special television programme, he told host Alastair Burnet that "I actually now don't eat as much meat as I used to. I eat more fish." He also pointed out the societal double standard whereby eating meat is not questioned but eating less meat means "all hell seems to break loose."[202] In 2021, Charles spoke to the BBC about the environment and revealed that, two days per week, he eats no meat nor fish and, one day per week, he eats no dairy products.[203] In 2022, it was reported that Charles eats a breakfast of fruit salad, seeds, and tea. He does not eat lunch, but takes a break for tea at 5:00 p.m. and eats dinner at 8:30 p.m., returning to work until midnight or after.[204] Ahead of Christmas dinner in 2022, Charles confirmed to animal rights group PETA that foie gras would not be served at any royal residences; he had stopped the use of foie gras at his own properties for more than a decade before taking the throne.[205] During a September 2023 state banquet at the Palace of Versailles, it was reported that Charles did not want foie gras or out-of-season asparagus on the menu. Instead he was served lobster. Charles does not like chocolate, coffee, or garlic.[206] The holy chrism oil used at his coronation was vegan, made from oils of olive, sesame, rose, jasmine, cinnamon, neroli, and benzoin, along with amber and orange blossom. His mother's chrism oil contained animal-based oils.[207] Charles delivered a speech at the 2021 G20 Rome summit, describing COP26 as "the last chance saloon" for preventing climate change and asking for actions that would lead to a green-led, sustainable economy.[208] In his speech at the opening ceremony for COP26, he repeated his sentiments from the previous year, stating that "a vast military-style campaign" was needed "to marshal the strength of the global private sector" for tackling climate change.[209] Charles, who is patron of the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, introduced the Climate Action Scholarships for students from small island nations in partnership with University of Cambridge, University of Toronto, University of Melbourne, McMaster University, and University of Montreal in March 2022.[210] In 2022, the media alleged that Truss had advised Charles against attending COP27, to which advice he agreed.[211] In 2010 he funded The Prince's Countryside Fund (renamed The Royal Countryside Fund in 2023), a charity which aims for a "confident, robust and sustainable agricultural and rural community".[212] Alternative medicine See also: The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health and The College of Medicine Charles has controversially championed alternative medicine.[213] He first publicly expressed his interest in the topic in December 1982, in an address to the British Medical Association.[214][215] This speech was seen as "combative" and "critical" of modern medicine and was met with anger by some medical professionals.[216] Similarly, the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health (FIH) attracted opposition from the scientific and medical community over its campaign encouraging general practitioners to offer herbal and other alternative treatments to NHS patients.[217][218] In April 2008, The Times published a letter from Edzard Ernst, Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, which asked the FIH to recall two guides promoting alternative medicine. That year, Ernst published a book with Simon Singh called Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial and mockingly dedicated to "HRH the Prince of Wales". The last chapter is highly critical of Charles's advocacy of complementary and alternative treatments.[219] Charles's Duchy Originals produced a variety of complementary medicinal products, including a "Detox Tincture" that Ernst denounced as "financially exploiting the vulnerable" and "outright quackery".[220] Charles personally wrote at least seven letters[221] to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency shortly before it relaxed the rules governing labelling of such herbal products, a move that was widely condemned by scientists and medical bodies.[222] It was reported in October 2009 that Charles had lobbied the health secretary, Andy Burnham, regarding greater provision of alternative treatments in the NHS.[220] Following accounting irregularities, the FIH announced its closure in April 2010.[223][224] The FIH was re-branded and re-launched later in the year as the College of Medicine,[224][225] of which Charles became a patron in 2019.[226] Sports Charles and others on horseback during a game of polo Charles (at front) at the 2005 Chakravarty Cup Match at Ham Polo Club, June 2005 From his youth until 2005, Charles was an avid player of competitive polo.[227] Charles also frequently took part in fox hunting until the sport was banned in the United Kingdom in 2005.[228] By the late 1990s, opposition to the activity was growing when Charles's participation was viewed as a "political statement" by those who were opposed to it.[229] Charles has been a keen salmon angler since youth and supported Orri Vigfússon's efforts to protect the North Atlantic salmon. He frequently fishes the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and claims his most special angling memories are from his time spent in Vopnafjörður, Iceland.[230] Charles is a supporter of Burnley F.C.[231] Apart from hunting, Charles has also participated in target rifle competitions, representing the House of Lords in the Vizianagram Match (Lords vs. Commons) at Bisley.[232] He became President of the British National Rifle Association in 1977.[233] Visual, performing, and literary arts Further information: Bibliography of Charles III Charles has been involved in performance since his youth, and appeared in sketches and revues while studying at Cambridge.[234] Charles in a brown coat attending a performance of Henry V in Stratford-upon-Avon At a performance of Henry V at the Courtyard Theatre in 2007 Charles is president or patron of more than 20 performing arts organisations, including the Royal College of Music, Royal Opera, English Chamber Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Welsh National Opera, Royal Shakespeare Company (attending performances in Stratford-Upon-Avon, supporting fundraising events, and attending the company's annual general meeting),[235] British Film Institute,[236] and Purcell School. In 2000, he revived the tradition of appointing an official harpist to the Prince of Wales, in order to foster Welsh talent at playing the national instrument of Wales.[237] Charles is a keen watercolourist, having published books on the subject and exhibited and sold a number of his works to raise money for charity; in 2016, it was estimated that he had sold lithographs of his watercolours for a total of £2 million from a shop at his Highgrove House residence. For his 50th birthday, 50 of his watercolours were exhibited at Hampton Court Palace and, for his 70th birthday, his works were exhibited at the National Gallery of Australia.[238] In 2001, 20 lithographs of his watercolour paintings illustrating his country estates were exhibited at the Florence International Biennale of Contemporary Art[239] and 79 of his paintings were put on display in London in 2022. To mark the 25th anniversary of his investiture as Prince of Wales in 1994, the Royal Mail issued a series of postage stamps that featured his paintings.[238] Charles is Honorary President of the Royal Academy of Arts Development Trust[240] and, in 2015, 2022, and 2023, commissioned paintings of 12 D-Day veterans, seven Holocaust survivors, and ten members of the Windrush generation, respectively, which went on display at the Queen's Gallery in Buckingham Palace.[241][242][243] Charles is the author of several books and has contributed a foreword or preface to numerous books by others. He has also written, presented, or been featured in a variety of documentary films.[244] Religion and philosophy Shortly after his accession to the throne, Charles publicly described himself as "a committed Anglican Christian";[245] at age 16, during Easter 1965, he had been confirmed into the Anglican communion by Archbishop of Canterbury Michael Ramsey in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[246] The King is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England[247] and a member of the Church of Scotland; he swore an oath to uphold that church immediately after he was proclaimed king.[248] He attends services at various Anglican churches close to Highgrove[249] and attends the Church of Scotland's Crathie Kirk with the rest of the royal family when staying at Balmoral Castle. Charles conversing with Jaroslav Šuvarský With Czech Orthodox priest Jaroslav Šuvarský [cs] in Prague, Czech Republic, March 2010 Laurens van der Post became a friend of Charles in 1977; he was dubbed the Prince's "spiritual guru" and was godfather to Prince William.[250] From van der Post, Charles developed a focus on philosophy and an interest in other religions.[251] Charles expressed his philosophical views in his 2010 book, Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World,[252] which won a Nautilus Book Award.[253] He has also visited Eastern Orthodox monasteries on Mount Athos,[254] in Romania,[255] and in Serbia,[256] and met with Eastern Church leaders in Jerusalem in 2020, during a visit that culminated in an ecumenical service in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and a walk through the city accompanied by Christian and Muslim dignitaries.[257] Charles also attended the consecration of Britain's first Syriac Orthodox cathedral, St Thomas Cathedral, Acton.[258] Charles is patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies at the University of Oxford and attended the inauguration of the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, which is dedicated to Islamic studies in a multicultural context.[173][259] In his 1994 documentary with Dimbleby, Charles said that, when king, he wished to be seen as a "defender of faith", rather than the British monarch's traditional title of Defender of the Faith, "preferr[ing] to embrace all religious traditions and 'the pattern of the divine, which I think is in all of us.'"[260] This attracted controversy at the time, as well as speculation that the coronation oath might be altered.[261] He stated in 2015 that he would retain the title of Defender of the Faith, whilst "ensuring that other people's faiths can also be practised", which he sees as a duty of the Church of England.[262] Charles reaffirmed this theme shortly after his accession and declared that his duties as sovereign included "the duty to protect the diversity of our country, including by protecting the space for faith itself and its practice through the religions, cultures, traditions, and beliefs to which our hearts and minds direct us as individuals."[245] His inclusive, multi-faith approach and his own Christian beliefs were expressed in his first Christmas message as king.[263] Media image and public opinion Main article: Cultural depictions of Charles III Since his birth, Charles has received close media attention, which increased as he matured. It has been an ambivalent relationship, largely impacted by his marriages to Diana and Camilla and their aftermath, but also centred on his future conduct as king.[264] Charles and Diana with Ronald and Nancy Reagan in the White House, November 1985 Described as the "world's most eligible bachelor" in the late 1970s,[265] Charles was subsequently overshadowed by Diana.[266] After her death, the media regularly breached Charles's privacy and printed exposés. Known for expressing his opinions, when asked during an interview to mark his 70th birthday whether this would continue in the same way once he is king, he responded "No. It won't. I'm not that stupid. I do realise that it is a separate exercise being sovereign. So, of course, you know, I understand entirely how that should operate".[267] A 2018 BMG Research poll found that 46 per cent of Britons wanted Charles to abdicate immediately on his mother's death, in favour of William.[268] However, a 2021 opinion poll reported that 60 per cent of the British public had a favourable opinion of him.[269] On his accession to the throne, The Statesman reported an opinion poll that put Charles's popularity with the British people at 42 per cent.[270] More recent polling suggested that his popularity increased sharply after he became king.[271] According to YouGov, as of April 2023, Charles had an approval rating of 55 per cent.[272] Reaction to press treatment In 1994, German tabloid Bild published nude photos of Charles that were taken while he was vacationing in Le Barroux; they had reportedly been put up for sale for £30,000.[273] Buckingham Palace reacted by stating that it was "unjustifiable for anybody to suffer this sort of intrusion".[274] Charles, "so often a target of the press, got his chance to return fire" in 2002, when addressing "scores of editors, publishers, and other media executives" gathered at St Bride's Fleet Street to celebrate 300 years of journalism.[note 7][275] Defending public servants from "the corrosive drip of constant criticism", he noted that the press had been "awkward, cantankerous, cynical, bloody-minded, at times intrusive, at times inaccurate, and at times deeply unfair and harmful to individuals and to institutions."[275] But, he concluded, regarding his own relations with the press, "from time to time we are probably both a bit hard on each other, exaggerating the downsides and ignoring the good points in each."[275] Charles and Camilla amidst a crowd of people, mostly reporters and photographers, in New Orleans Charles and Camilla (centre left) in front of the media pack in the French Quarter of New Orleans, United States, as part of Hurricane Katrina recovery efforts, November 2005 In 2006, Charles filed a court case against The Mail on Sunday, after excerpts of his personal journals were published, revealing his opinions on matters such as the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to China in 1997, in which Charles described the Chinese government officials as "appalling old waxworks".[276][86] Charles and Camilla were named in 2011 as individuals whose confidential information was reportedly targeted or actually acquired in conjunction with the news media phone hacking scandal.[277] The Independent noted in 2015 that Charles would only speak to broadcasters "on the condition they have signed a 15-page contract, demanding that Clarence House attends both the 'rough cut' and 'fine cut' edits of films and, if it is unhappy with the final product, can 'remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme'."[278] This contract stipulated that all questions directed at Charles must be pre-approved and vetted by his representatives.[278] Residences and finance See also: Finances of the British royal family In 2023, The Guardian estimated Charles's personal wealth at £1.8 billion.[279] This estimate includes the assets of the Duchy of Lancaster worth £653 million (and paying Charles an annual income of £20 million), jewels worth £533 million, real estate worth £330 million, shares and investments worth £142 million, a stamp collection worth at least £100 million, racehorses worth £27 million, artworks worth £24 million, and cars worth £6.3 million.[279] Most of this wealth which Charles inherited from his mother is exempt from inheritance tax.[279][280] Photograph of Clarence House, a white building with a Union flag flying over it Clarence House, Charles's London residence since 2003 Clarence House, previously the residence of the Queen Mother, was Charles's official London residence from 2003, after being renovated at a cost of £4.5 million.[281][282] He previously shared apartments eight and nine at Kensington Palace with Diana before moving to York House at St James's Palace, which remained his principal residence until 2003.[282] Highgrove House in Gloucestershire is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, having been purchased for Charles's use in 1980, and which he rented for £336,000 per annum.[283][284] Since William became the Duke of Cornwall, Charles is expected to pay £700,000 per annum for use of the property.[285] Charles also owns a property near the village of Viscri in Romania.[286][287] As Prince of Wales, Charles's primary source of income was generated from the Duchy of Cornwall, which owns 133,658 acres of land (around 54,090 hectares), including farming, residential, and commercial properties, as well as an investment portfolio. Since 1993, Charles has paid tax voluntarily under the Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation, updated in 2013.[288] Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs were asked in December 2012 to investigate alleged tax avoidance by the Duchy of Cornwall.[289] The Duchy is named in the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment that were leaked to the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.[290][291] Titles, styles, honours, and arms Main article: List of titles and honours of Charles III See also: List of awards received by Charles III A logo with "CR III" and a crown (coloured) Royal cypher of Charles III, surmounted by the Tudor Crown[292] A logo with "CR III" and a crown Scottish royal cypher of Charles III, surmounted by the Crown of Scotland[292] Titles and styles Charles has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is sovereign of many orders in his own countries and has received honours and awards from around the world.[293][294][295][296][297] In each of his realms, he has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: King of Saint Lucia and of His other Realms and Territories in Saint Lucia, King of Australia and His other Realms and Territories in Australia, etc. In the Isle of Man, which is a Crown Dependency rather than a separate realm, he is known as Lord of Mann. Charles is also styled Defender of the Faith. There had been speculation throughout Elizabeth II's reign as to what regnal name Charles would choose upon his accession; instead of Charles III, he could have chosen to reign as George VII or used one of his other given names.[298] It was reported that he might use George in honour of his grandfather George VI and to avoid associations with previous controversial kings named Charles.[note 8][299][300] Charles's office asserted in 2005 that no decision had yet been made.[301] Speculation continued for a few hours following his mother's death,[302] until Liz Truss announced and Clarence House confirmed that Charles would use the regnal name Charles III.[303][304] Charles, who left active military service in 1976, was awarded the highest rank in all three armed services in 2012 by Queen Elizabeth II: Field Marshal, Admiral of the Fleet, and Marshal of the Royal Air Force.[305] Arms Further information: Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales, Coat of arms of the United Kingdom, and Coat of arms of Canada As Prince of Wales, Charles's coat of arms was based on the arms of the United Kingdom, differenced with a white label and an inescutcheon of the Principality of Wales, surmounted by the heir apparent's crown, and with the motto Ich dien (German: [ɪç ˈdiːn], "I serve") instead of Dieu et mon droit. When Charles became king, he inherited the royal coats of arms of the United Kingdom and of Canada.[306] The design of his royal cypher, featuring a depiction of the Tudor crown instead of St Edward's Crown, was revealed on 27 September 2022. According to the College of Arms, the Tudor crown will now be used in representations of the royal arms of the United Kingdom and on uniforms and crown badges.[307] Coat of arms as Prince of Wales (1958–2022) Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom for use in Scotland Royal coat of arms of Canada Banners, flags, and standards See also: Flags of Charles III As heir apparent The banners used by Charles as Prince of Wales varied depending upon location. His personal standard for the United Kingdom was the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom differenced as in his arms, with a label of three points argent and the escutcheon of the arms of the Principality of Wales in the centre. It was used outside Wales, Scotland, Cornwall, and Canada, and throughout the entire United Kingdom when Charles was acting in an official capacity associated with the British Armed Forces.[308] The personal flag for use in Wales was based upon the Royal Badge of Wales.[308] In Scotland, the personal banner used between 1974 and 2022 was based upon three ancient Scottish titles: Duke of Rothesay (heir apparent to the King of Scots), High Steward of Scotland, and Lord of the Isles. In Cornwall, the banner was the arms of the Duke of Cornwall.[308] In 2011, the Canadian Heraldic Authority introduced a personal heraldic banner for the Prince of Wales for Canada, consisting of the shield of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada defaced with both a blue roundel of the Prince of Wales's feathers surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves and a white label of three points.[309] Banners of arms Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for the United Kingdom Standard for Wales Standard for Scotland Banner of arms of the Duke of Cornwall Royal standard of the Prince of Wales for Canada As sovereign Main articles: Royal Standard of the United Kingdom and Royal standards of Canada The royal standard of the United Kingdom is used to represent the King in the United Kingdom and on official visits overseas, except in Canada. It is the royal arms in banner form undifferentiated, having been used by successive British monarchs since 1702. The royal standard of Canada is used by the King in Canada and while acting on behalf of Canada overseas. It is the escutcheon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form undifferentiated. Royal Standards United Kingdom (outside Scotland) Scotland Canada Issue Name     Birth     Marriage     Children Date     Spouse William, Prince of Wales     21 June 1982 (age 41)     29 April 2011     Catherine Middleton     Prince George of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales Prince Louis of Wales Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex     15 September 1984 (age 39)     19 May 2018     Meghan Markle          Prince Archie of Sussex     Princess Lilibet of Sussex Ancestry Ancestors of Charles III[310] See also     List of current monarchs of sovereign states     List of covers of Time magazine (1960s), (1970s), (1980s), (2010s) Notes In addition to the United Kingdom, the fourteen other realms are Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu. As the reigning monarch, Charles does not usually use a family name, but when one is needed, it is Mountbatten-Windsor.[1] As monarch, Charles is Supreme Governor of the Church of England. He is also a member of the Church of Scotland. He was reportedly named "Charles" after his godfather Haakon VII of Norway, who was called "Uncle Charles" by Elizabeth II.[4][5] Prince Charles's godparents were: the King of the United Kingdom (his maternal grandfather); the King of Norway (his paternal cousin twice removed and maternal great-great-uncle by marriage, for whom Charles's great-great-uncle the Earl of Athlone stood proxy); Queen Mary (his maternal great-grandmother); Princess Margaret (his maternal aunt); Prince George of Greece and Denmark (his paternal great-uncle, for whom the Duke of Edinburgh stood proxy); the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven (his paternal great-grandmother); the Lady Brabourne (his cousin); and the Hon David Bowes-Lyon (his maternal great-uncle).[6] Mountbatten had served as the last British viceroy and first governor-general of India. London's first daily newspaper, the Daily Courant, was published in 1702.     Namely, the Stuart kings Charles I, who was beheaded, and Charles II, who was known for his promiscuous lifestyle. Charles Edward Stuart, once a Stuart pretender to the English and Scottish thrones, was called Charles III by his supporters.[299] References Citations "The Royal Family name". Official website of the British monarchy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2009. "No. 38455". The London Gazette. 15 November 1948. p. 1. Brandreth 2007, p. 120. Holden, Anthony (1980). Charles, Prince of Wales. p. 68. ISBN 9780330261678. "Close ties through the generations". The Royal House of Norway. 8 September 2022. "The Christening of Prince Charles". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021. "HRH The Prince of Wales | Prince of Wales". Clarence House. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022. "The Book of the Baptism Service of Prince Charles". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Brandreth 2007, p. 127. "50 facts about the Queen's Coronation". www.royal.uk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2019. Gordon, Peter; Lawton, Denis (2003). Royal Education: Past, Present, and Future. F. Cass. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7146-8386-7. "About the Prince of Wales". Royal Household. 26 December 2018. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Johnson, Bonnie; Healy, Laura Sanderson; Thorpe-Tracey, Rosemary; Nolan, Cathy (25 April 1988). "Growing Up Royal". Time. Archived from the original on 31 March 2005. Retrieved 4 June 2009. "Lieutenant Colonel H. Stuart Townend". The Times. 30 October 2002. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2009. "HRH The Prince of Wales". Debrett's. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012. Brandreth 2007, p. 139. Rocco, Fiammetta (18 October 1994). "Flawed Family: This week the Prince of Wales disclosed still powerful resentments against his mother and father". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022. Rudgard, Olivia (10 December 2017). "Colditz in kilts? Charles loved it, says old school as Gordonstoun hits back at The Crown". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017. "The Prince of Wales – Education". Clarence House. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012. "The New Boy at Timbertop". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 33, no. 37. 9 February 1966. p. 7. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.; "Timbertop – Prince Charles Australia" (Video with audio, 1 min 28 secs). British Pathé. 1966. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via YouTube. Australian Associated Press (31 January 1973). "Prince had happy time at Timbertop". The Canberra Times. Vol. 47, no. 13, 346. p. 11. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia. Brandreth 2007, p. 145. Brandreth 2007, p. 151 Holland, Fiona (10 September 2022). "God Save The King!". Trinity College Cambridge. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022. "No. 41460". The London Gazette. 29 July 1958. p. 4733.; "The Prince of Wales – Previous Princes of Wales". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. "The Prince of Wales – Investiture". Clarence House. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Jones, Craig Owen (2013). "Songs of Malice and Spite"?: Wales, Prince Charles, and an Anti-Investiture Ballad of Dafydd Iwan (PDF) (7th ed.). Michigan Publishing. p. 1. "H.R.H. The Prince of Wales Introduced". Hansard. 11 February 1970. HL Deb vol 307 c871. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019.; "The Prince of Wales – Biography". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2008. "Sport and Leisure". Hansard. 13 June 1974. HL Deb vol 352 cc624–630. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019. Shuster, Alvin (14 June 1974). "Prince Charles Speaks in Lords". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2018. "Voluntary Service in the Community". Hansard. 25 June 1975. HL Deb vol 361 cc1418–1423. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2019. "The Prince's Trust". The Prince's Charities. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Ferretti, Fred (18 June 1981). "Prince Charles pays a quick visit to city". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2013. Daley, Paul (9 November 2015). "Long to reign over Aus? Prince Charles and Australia go way back". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018. David Murray (24 November 2009). "Next governor-general could be Prince Harry, William". The Australian. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2018. Brandreth 2007, pp. 169–170 "Military Career of the Prince of Wales". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. "Prince Charles after receiving his wings 20 August 1971". Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.; "Prince Charles attends RAF Cranwell ceremony". BBC News. 16 July 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022. Brandreth 2007, p. 170. "Prince Charles: Video shows 'upside down' parachute jump". BBC News. 15 July 2021. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022. "Occurrence # 187927". Flight Safety Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2023.; Boggan, Steve (20 July 1995). "Prince gives up flying royal aircraft after Hebrides crash". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Brandreth 2007, p. 192. Brandreth 2007, p. 193. Brandreth 2007, p. 194. Brandreth 2007, p. 195. Brandreth 2007, pp. 15–17, 178. Junor 2005, p. 72. Dimbleby 1994, pp. 204–206; Brandreth 2007, p. 200 Dimbleby 1994, p. 263. Dimbleby 1994, pp. 263–265. Dimbleby 1994, p. 279. Dimbleby 1994, pp. 280–282. Dimbleby 1994, pp. 281–283. "Royally Minted: What we give them and how they spend it". New Statesman. Vol. 138, no. 4956–4968. London. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Brown 2007, p. 720. Smith 2000, p. 561. Griffiths, Eleanor Bley (1 January 2020). "The truth behind Charles and Camilla's affair storyline in The Crown". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022. "Diana 'wanted to live with guard'". BBC News. 7 December 2004. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. Langley, William (12 December 2004). "The Mannakee file". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. Lawson, Mark (7 August 2017). "Diana: In Her Own Words – admirers have nothing to fear from the Channel 4 tapes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017. Milmo, Cahal (8 December 2004). "Conspiracy theorists feast on inquiry into death of Diana's minder". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. Duboff, Josh (13 March 2017). "Princess Diana's Former Lover Maintains He Is Not Prince Harry's Father". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2018. Quest, Richard (3 June 2002). "Royals, Part 3: Troubled times". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2023. "Hewitt denies Prince Harry link". BBC News. 21 September 2002. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2011. "The Camillagate Tapes". Textfiles.com (phone transcript). Phone Phreaking. 18 December 1989. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010.; "Royals caught out by interceptions". BBC News. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2012.; Dockterman, Eliana (9 November 2022). "The True Story Behind Charles and Camilla's Phone Sex Leak on The Crown". Time. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022. "The Princess and the Press". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017.; "Timeline: Charles and Camilla's romance". BBC. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. Dimbleby 1994, p. 395. "1995: Diana admits adultery in TV interview". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2018. "The Panorama Interview with the Princess of Wales". BBC News. 20 November 1995. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2010. "'Divorce': Queen to Charles and Diana". BBC News. 20 December 1995. Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Newsroom (21 December 1995). "Charles and Diana to divorce". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Neville, Sarah (13 July 1996). "Charles and Diana Agree to Terms of Divorce". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2022. Whitney, Craig R. (31 August 1997). "Prince Charles Arrives in Paris to Take Diana's Body Home". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2014. "Diana letter 'warned of car plot'". CNN. 20 October 2003. Archived from the original on 12 December 2003. Retrieved 14 April 2019.; Eleftheriou-Smith, Loulla-Mae (30 August 2017). "Princess Diana letter claims Prince Charles was 'planning an accident' in her car just 10 months before fatal crash". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.; Rayner, Gordon (20 December 2007). "Princess Diana letter: 'Charles plans to kill me'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2020. Badshah, Nadeem (19 June 2021). "Police interviewed Prince Charles over 'plot to kill Diana'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021. "Profile: Duchess of Cornwall". BBC News. 9 April 2012. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "Order in Council". The National Archives. 2 March 2005. Archived from the original on 3 November 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012. Valpy, Michael (2 November 2005). "Scholars scurry to find implications of royal wedding". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2009. "Panorama Lawful impediment?". BBC News. 14 February 2005. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2009. The Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs and Lord Chancellor (Lord Falconer of Thoroton) (24 February 2005). "Royal Marriage; Lords Hansard Written Statements 24 Feb 2005 : Column WS87 (50224-51)". Publications.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2008. "Pope funeral delays royal wedding". BBC News. 4 April 2005. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013. "Q&A: Queen's wedding decision". BBC News. 23 February 2005. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2012. "Charles And Camilla Finally Wed, After 30 Years Of Waiting, Prince Charles Weds His True Love". CBS News. 9 April 2005. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Oliver, Mark (9 April 2005). "Charles and Camilla wed". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013. "100 Coronation Facts". Royal Household. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023. Landler, Mark (8 September 2022). "Long an Uneasy Prince, King Charles III Takes On a Role He Was Born To". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022. "The royal clan: who's who, what do they do and how much money do they get?". The Guardian. 7 April 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023. Brandreth 2007, p. 325. "Opening of the Senedd". National Assembly for Wales. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014. "Administration". The Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2013. Trumbull, Robert (10 October 1970). "Fiji Raises the Flag of Independence After 96 Years of Rule by British". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "1973: Bahamas' sun sets on British Empire". BBC News. 9 July 1973. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2023. "Papua New Guinea Celebrates Independence". The New York Times. 16 September 1975. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Ross, Jay (18 April 1980). "Zimbabwe Gains Independence". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Wedel, Paul (22 February 1984). "Brunei celebrated its independence from Britain Thursday with traditional..." UPI. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Ainge Roy, Eleanor (13 January 2018). "'Damn ... I missed': the incredible story of the day the Queen was nearly shot". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018. Newman, John (12 May 1994). "Cambodian Refugees". New South Wales Legislative Assembly Hansard. Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.; "Student fires 2 blanks at Prince Charles". Los Angeles Times. 27 January 1994. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2018. "Archive: Prince Charles visits Ireland in 1995". BBC News. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.; McCullagh, David; Milner, Cathy. "Prince Charles Makes First Royal Visit to Ireland 1995". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Archived from the original on 15 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018. Brendon 2007, p. 660. Brown 1998, p. 594. "Charles shakes hands with Mugabe at Pope's funeral". The Times. 8 April 2005. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2007. (subscription required) "The Prince of Wales opens the Commonwealth Games". Clarence House. 3 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2013. "Prince Charles, Camilla's Car Attacked By Student Protesters in London". huffingtonpost. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2012.; "Royal car attacked in protest after MPs' fee vote". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.; "Prince Charles and Duchess of Cornwall unhurt in attack". BBC News. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012. Suroor, Hasan (8 May 2013). "Queen to miss Colombo CHOGM". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.; "Queen to miss Commonwealth meeting for first time since 1973". The Guardian. 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013. Urquart, Conal (13 May 2015). "Prince Charles Shakes the Hand of Irish Republican Leader Gerry Adams". Time. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. McDonald, Henry (19 May 2015). "Prince Charles and Gerry Adams share historic handshake". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.; "Historic handshake between Prince Charles and Gerry Adams". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.; Adam, Karla (19 May 2015). "Prince Charles, in Ireland, meets with Sinn Fein party leader Gerry Adams". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. "Queen's Funeral Set for Sept. 19 at Westminster Abbey". The New York Times. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022. "The state funeral for Queen Elizabeth II will be held at 11 a.m. Monday, Sept. 19, at Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace announced on Saturday." Adam, Karla (20 April 2018). "Commonwealth backs Prince Charles as its next leader". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018. "Prince Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba". BBC News. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019. Reynolds, Emma; Foster, Max; Wilkinson, David (25 March 2020). "Prince Charles tests positive for novel coronavirus". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.; Furness, Hannah; Johnson, Simon (25 March 2020). "Prince Charles tests positive for coronavirus: These are his most recent engagements". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020. "Coronavirus: Prince Charles tests positive but 'remains in good health'". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020. "Warning to all as Prince Charles catches coronavirus amid 'queue jump' claims – The Yorkshire Post says". The Yorkshire Post. 15 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020. Ott, Haley (10 February 2022). "Britain's Prince Charles tests positive for COVID-19 for the 2nd time". CBS News. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022. "Covid: Prince Charles and Camilla get first vaccine". BBC News. 10 February 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2021. Mills, Rhiannon (30 November 2021). "Barbados: Prince Charles acknowledges 'appalling' history of slavery as island becomes a republic". Sky News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021. Murphy, Victoria (28 November 2021). "All About Prince Charles's Visit to Barbados as the Country Cuts Ties with the Monarchy". Town & Country. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Nikkhah, Roya (28 November 2021). "Regretful Prince Charles flies to Barbados to watch his realm become a republic". Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Davies, Caroline (10 May 2022). "Queen remains 'very much in charge' even as Charles makes speech". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. "Prince Charles becomes longest-serving heir apparent". BBC News. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2011. Rayner, Gordon (19 September 2013). "Prince of Wales will be oldest monarch crowned". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013. "King Charles III pays tribute to his 'darling mama' in first address". BBC News. 9 September 2022. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022. "Charles formally confirmed as king in ceremony televised for first time". BBC News. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022. Ratcliffe, Rebecca (10 September 2022). "Charles III is proclaimed King". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022. Torrance, David (29 September 2022). The Accession of King Charles III (PDF). House of Commons Library. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023. "Coronation on 6 May for King Charles and Camilla, Queen Consort". BBC News. 11 October 2022. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022. Mahler, Kevin (14 February 2022). "Ghosts? Here's the true tale of things that go bump in the night". The Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2022. Pepinster 2022. Hyde, Nathan; Field, Becca (17 February 2022). "Prince of Wales plans for a 'scaled back' coronation ceremony with Camilla". CambridgeshireLive. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022. Arasteh, Amira (23 September 2022). "King Charles III coronation: When is he officially crowned and what happens next?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.; Dixon, Hayley; Gurpreet, Narwan (13 September 2022). "Coronation for the cost of living crisis as King expresses wish for 'good value'". The Times. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022. "King Charles III, the new monarch". BBC News. 18 September 2022. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022. "King Charles receives Scottish crown jewels". BBC News. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023. Kirka, Danica (22 November 2022). "King Charles III welcomes S. African leader for state visit". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 September 2023. Said-Moorhouse, Lauren; Foster, Max (30 March 2023). "King Charles becomes first British monarch to address German parliament". CNN. Retrieved 21 September 2023. Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (21 September 2023). "King Charles makes historic speech at French senate as he hails 'indispensable' UK-France relationship". CNN. Retrieved 21 September 2023. Smout, Alistair; Mills, Sarah; Gumuchian, Marie-louise (16 September 2022). "With Charles king, his Prince's Trust youth charity goes on". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022. "The Prince's Charities". Clarence House. Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2012. Mackreal, Kim (18 May 2012). "Prince Charles rallies top-level support for his Canadian causes". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 20 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012. Department of Canadian Heritage. "His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. "Contact Us". The Prince's Charities Australia. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2013. Dimbleby 1994, p. 250. "Welcome". FARA Enterprises. Archived from the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2012. Quinn, Ben (29 August 2021). "Prince of Wales charity launches inquiry into 'cash for access' claims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021. Foster, Max; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (6 September 2021). "Former aide to Prince Charles steps down over cash-for-honors scandal". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021. Butler, Patrick (18 November 2021). "Inquiry into foundation linked to Prince of Wales launched". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021. Montebello, Leah (16 February 2022). "Breaking: Met Police investigate cash-for-honours allegations against Prince Charles' charity". City A.M. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.; O'Connor, Mary (16 February 2022). "Police to investigate Prince Charles' charity". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022. Gadher, Dipesh; Gabriel Pogrund; Megan Agnew (19 November 2022). "Cash-for-honours police pass file on King's aide Michael Fawcett to prosecutors". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Ward, Victoria (21 August 2023). "Cash-for-honours investigation into King Charles's charity dropped". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 August 2023. Pogrund, Gabriel; Keidan, Charles; Faulkner, Katherine (25 June 2022). "Prince Charles accepted €1m cash in suitcase from sheikh". The Times. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022. Connett, David (25 June 2022). "Prince Charles is said to have been given €3m in Qatari cash". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022. "Prince Charles: Charity watchdog reviewing information over reports royal accepted carrier bag full of cash as a charity donation from Qatar ex-PM". Sky News. 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022. Coughlan, Sean (20 July 2022). "Prince Charles: No inquiry into £2.5m cash donation to his charity". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022. Pogrund, Gabriel; Charles Keidan (30 July 2022). "Prince Charles accepted £1m from family of Osama bin Laden". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022. "Prince Charles dined with Bin Laden's brother". The Guardian. 13 October 2001. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022. "The Prince of Wales had dinner with a brother of Osama bin Laden two weeks after the September 11th attacks, St James' Palace said today." Furness, Hannah (1 August 2022). "Prince Charles's charity won't be investigated for accepting bin Laden family £1m donation". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022. Fraser, John (26 April 2023). "What the reign of King Charles III means for Canada". Canadian Geographic. Royal Canadian Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Dulcie, Lee (20 May 2022). "Prince Charles: We must learn from indigenous people on climate change". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. "Prince Charles commits to 'listening' to Indigenous peoples as Canadian royal tour begins". Global News. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Katawazi, Miriam (27 June 2017). "Prince Charles's charities work to undo past wrongs against Indigenous people through reconciliation". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Brewster, Murray (24 June 2022). "Commonwealth countries could learn from Canada's reconciliation efforts, Prince Charles says". CBC News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. "Prince Charles tells Commonwealth of sorrow over slavery". BBC News. 24 June 2022. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Evans, Rob (26 March 2015). "Supreme court clears way for release of secret Prince Charles letters". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015. "Cabinet Office". www.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2015.; "Prince Charles's black spider memos in 60 seconds". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015. "Prince Charles, the toothfish and the toothless 'black spider' letters". The Washington Post. 14 May 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2015. Spector, Dina (13 May 2015). "There are 3 reasons why Britain might be completely underwhelmed by Prince Charles' black spider memos". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2015. Jenkins, Simon (13 May 2015). "The black spider memos: a royal sigh of woe at a world gone to the dogs". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2015. Roberts, Andrew (13 May 2015). "All the 'black spider memos' expose is the passion and dignity of Prince Charles". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015. Booth, Robert (15 December 2015). "Revealed: Prince Charles has received confidential cabinet papers for decades". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016. Boseley, Matilda (24 October 2020). "Prince Charles's letter to John Kerr reportedly endorsing sacking of Whitlam condemned". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022. Dathan, Matt; Low, Valentine (10 June 2022). "Prince Charles: Flying migrants to Rwanda is 'appalling'". The Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.(subscription required); "Rwanda deportation plan: Prince Charles 'says policy is appalling' as court rules first asylum seekers can be sent away". Sky News. 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022. Wheeler, Caroline; Shipman, Tim; Nikkah, Roya (12 June 2022). "Charles won't be Prince Charming if he keeps on meddling, say ministers". The Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.(subscription required) "Charles, Prince of Wales". Planetizen. 13 September 2009. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012. "A speech by HRH The Prince of Wales at the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), Royal Gala Evening at Hampton Court Palace". Prince of Wales. 30 May 1984. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2012. "HRH visits the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies new building". The Prince of Wales. 9 February 2005. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2008. Capps, Kriston (9 September 2022). "King Charles III, City Maker". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 May 2023. "The Prince of Wales Accepts Vincent Scully Prize". artdaily.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. Harper, Phineas (21 September 2022). "King Charles's endless meddling in architectural politics has accomplished nothing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023. Graham, Hugh (30 June 2019). "Exclusive: Prince Charles, the new Poundbury and his manifesto to solve the housing crisis". The Times. Retrieved 22 June 2023. Cramb, Auslan (28 June 2007). "Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2007. Foyle, Johnathan (27 June 2014). "Dumfries House: training the unemployed". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2023. The Newsroom (12 September 2017). "Prince Charles to build wellbeing centre at Dumfries House". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2023. Freyberg, Annabel (27 May 2011). "Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011. Marrs, Colin (16 September 2016). "Prince Charles's stalled 'Scottish Poundbury' under scrutiny". Architect's Journal. Retrieved 4 May 2023. Department of Finance (19 March 2007). The Budget Plan 2007: Aspire to a Stronger, Safer, Better Canada (PDF). Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 99. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2012. "Heritage Services". Heritage Canada Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Hales, Linda (26 October 2005). "Prince Charles to Accept Scully Prize at Building Museum". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2013.; "The Prince of Wales Accepts Vincent Scully Prize". artdaily.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. Dame, Marketing Communications: Web // University of Notre (7 February 2012). "Prince Charles honored for his architectural patronage". Notre Dame News. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2017. "About Us". Carpenters' Company website. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012. "Prince Charles Faces Opponents, Slams Modern Architecture". Bloomberg L.P. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009. "Architects urge boycott of Prince Charles speech". NBC News. 11 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2009.; "Architects to hear Prince appeal". BBC News. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2009. Booth, Robert (15 June 2009). "Prince Charles's meddling in planning 'unconstitutional', says Richard Rogers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2009. "Chelsea Barracks developer apologises to Prince Charles". BBC News. 24 July 2010. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022. "Prince Charles honored with HMS's Global Environmental Citizen Award". The Harvard Gazette. 1 February 2007. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021. Low, Valentine (19 February 2020). "No one is calling my fears over the climate dotty now, says Prince Charles". The Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022. Ferran, Lee (20 September 2010). "Prince Charles Eavesdrops on Tourists, Speaks to Plants". ABC News. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022. Vidal, John (15 May 2002). "Charles designs 'healing garden'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022. "Our Story". Duchyoriginals.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012. Rainey, Sarah (12 November 2013). "Why Prince Charles's Duchy Originals takes the biscuit". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Spandenburg and Moser 2004, p. 32 Rosenbaum, Martin (23 January 2019). "Prince Charles warned Tony Blair against GM foods". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. Myers, Joe (22 January 2020). "This member of the British Royal Family has a vital message if we are to save the planet". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021. Inman, Phillip (3 June 2020). "Pandemic is chance to reset global economy, says Prince Charles". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020. Emma Dooney (6 June 2023). "King Charles hailed 'ahead of his time' for passionate statement on his dietary preferences". Woman and Home Magazine. Retrieved 4 July 2023. Prince Charles and His Battle for Our Planet. BBC World News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.; Garlick, Hattie (11 October 2021). "How to do the Prince Charles diet – and eat the perfect amount of meat and dairy". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2021. White, Stephen; Tetzlaff-Deas, Benedict; Munday, David (12 September 2022). "King Charles doesn't eat lunch and works until midnight". CornwallLive. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022. "King Charles: Foie gras banned at royal residences". BBC News. 18 November 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022. Burchfield, Rachel (20 September 2023). "King Charles Has "A Strict List of Culinary Demands" for Banquet Tonight at Palace of Versailles During State Visit to France". Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2023. "Holy oil to be used to anoint King during Coronation is vegan friendly". The Independent (UK). 4 March 2023. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Walker, Peter (31 October 2021). "Cop26 'literally the last chance saloon' to save planet – Prince Charles". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021. Elbaum, Rachel (1 November 2021). "Prince Charles calls for 'warlike footing' in climate fight as world leaders gather". NBC. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021. "The Prince of Wales launches climate action scholarships for small island nation students". Prince of Wales. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022. "King Charles will not attend climate summit on Truss advice". BBC News. 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022. about-us The Prince's Countryside Fund – December 26, 2018 Feder, Barnaby J. (9 January 1985). "More Britons Trying Holistic Medicine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Bower, Tom (2018). ""Chapter 6"". The Rebel Prince, The Power, Passion and Defiance of Prince Charles. London: William Collins. ISBN 978-0-0082-9173-0. The Prince of Wales (December 2012). "Integrated health and post modern medicine". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 105 (12): 496–498. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2012.12k095. PMC 3536513. PMID 23263785.; Hamilton-Smith, Anthony (9 April 1990). "Medicine: Complementary and Conventional Treatments". Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.; Rainey, Sarah (12 November 2013). "Prince Charles and homeopathy: crank or revolutionary?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2022. Rawlins, Richard (March 2013). "Response to HRH". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 106 (3): 79–80. doi:10.1177/0141076813478789. PMC 3595413. PMID 23481428.; Ernst, Edzard (2022). Charles, the alternative prince an unauthorised biography. Imprint Academic. ISBN 978-1-7883-6070-8.; Weissmann, Gerald (September 2006). "Homeopathy: Holmes, Hogwarts, and the Prince of Wales". The FASEB Journal. 20 (11): 1755–1758. doi:10.1096/fj.06-0901ufm. PMID 16940145. S2CID 9305843. Carr-Brown, Jonathon (14 August 2005). "Charles's 'alternative GP' campaign stirs anger". The Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2009. (subscription required) Revill, Jo (27 June 2004). "Now Charles backs coffee cure for cancer". The Observer. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2007. Singh, Simon; Ernst, Edzard (2008). Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial. Bantam Press. Walker, Tim (31 October 2009). "Prince Charles lobbies Andy Burnham on complementary medicine for NHS". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010. Colquhoun, David (12 March 2007). "HRH 'meddling in politics'". DC's Improbable Science. Archived from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2009. Hawkes, Nigel; Henderson, Mark (1 September 2006). "Doctors attack natural remedy claims". The Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018. (subscription required) FIH (30 April 2010). "Statement from the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Sample, Ian (2 August 2010). "College of Medicine born from ashes of Prince Charles's holistic health charity". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2012. Colquhoun, David (29 October 2010). "Don't be deceived. The new "College of Medicine" is a fraud and delusion". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012.; Hawkes, Nigel (29 October 2010). "Prince's foundation metamorphoses into new College of Medicine". British Medical Journal. 341 (1): 6126. doi:10.1136/bmj.c6126. ISSN 0959-8138. S2CID 72649598. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010. "HRH The Prince of Wales is announced as College of Medicine Patron". College of Medicine. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022. "Charles decides to retire from polo playing at 57". The Guardian. 17 November 2005. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023. Revesz, Rachel (24 July 2017). "Prince Charles secret letters to Tony Blair over fox hunting get information commissioner's green light for publishing". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023. "Prince Charles takes sons hunting". BBC News. 30 October 1999. Archived from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2023. Ashton, John B.; Latimer, Adrian, eds. (2007). A Celebration of Salmon Rivers: The World's Finest Atlantic Salmon Rivers. Stackpole Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-8736-7427-7. "Prince of Wales supports Burnley football club". The Daily Telegraph. 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2012. "History". National Rifle Association. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022. "National Rifle Association". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2022. Hallemann, Caroline (5 November 2019). "Vintage Photos of Prince Charles at Cambridge Prove Meghan Markle Isn't the Only Actor in the Royal Family". Town & Country. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022. "Performing Arts". Prince of Wales official website. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012. "The Prince of Wales visits the BFI Southbank". Prince of Wales official website. 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021. "TRH continue their annual tour of Wales". Prince of Wales website. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2013. Holland, Oscar (12 January 2022). "Prince Charles exhibits dozens of his watercolors, saying painting 'refreshes the soul'". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022. "Prince Charles wins art award". BBC News. 12 December 2001. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013. "The Royal Academy Development Trust". Royal Academy. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019. "D-Day portraits commissioned by Prince Charles go on display". BBC News. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022. Coughlan, Sean (10 January 2022). "Prince Charles commissions Holocaust survivor portraits". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022. "The King commissions 'Windrush: Portraits of a Pioneering Generation'". The Royal Family. 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023. "HRH the Prince of Wales : A Vision of Britain". BFI. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2012.; "Harmony Movie Website". The Harmony Movie. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.; The Prince and the Composer. BBC Four. 1 May 2012.; "Modern TV: The Princes Welsh Village". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Davies, Caroline (16 September 2022). "King tells faith leaders he has personal 'duty to protect diversity of our country'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2022.. Holden 1979, pp. 141–142. "The Queen, the Church and other faiths". Official website of the British monarchy. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022. "King Charles vows to protect the security of the Church of Scotland" (Press release). The Church of Scotland. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022. "Prince and Camilla attend church". BBC News. 13 February 2005. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2012. Garner, Clare (17 December 1996). "Prince's guru dies aged 90". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012. "African author Laurens van der Post dies in London". Irish Times. 17 December 1996. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2020. "Review: In Harmony with a Philosopher King". philosophyinwessex.org. 4 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.; "It's time for harmony between science and spirituality". positivenews.org.uk. 29 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.; "Books of the Year – Harmony and Farundell". 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014. "2011 Nautilus Awards Gold Winners". Nautilus Book Awards. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2013. Smith, Helena (12 May 2004). "Has Prince Charles found his true spiritual home on a Greek rock?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2012. "Prinţul Charles, fermier de Fălticeni" [Prince Charles, farm owner in Fălticeni]. Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian). 13 May 2003. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. "Princ Čarls u manastiru Kovilj" [Prince Charles in the Kovilj monastery]. Ekspres.net (in Serbian (Latin script)). Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2022. "Prince Charles wishes Palestinians 'freedom, justice and equality'". The Guardian. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020. "Charles arrives in Bethlehem during historic Palestinian visit". ITV News. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020. "Britain's first Syriac Orthodox Cathedral consecrated". Anglican Communion News Service. 25 November 2016. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2021. "About OCIS". Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. "Introduction to MIHE". MarkfieldInstitute. 29 January 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2017. Sullivan, Kevin; Boorstein, Michelle (13 September 2022). "King Charles III may bring new approach to 'Defender of the Faith'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022. Sherwood, Harriet (9 September 2022). "King Charles to be Defender of the Faith but also a defender of faiths". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022. "Charles vows to keep "Defender of the Faith" title as King". secularism.org.uk. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015. Coughlan, Sean (26 December 2022). "King Charles' first Christmas speech reflects cost-of-living crisis". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022. Bartlett, Mike. "King Charles III". www.almeida.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014. "The Man who will be King". The Milwaukee Journal. Google news. 1 October 1979. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2014. "Patrick Jephson: Prince Charles Was Unable to Reconcile with Princess Diana's Extraordinary Popularity". The Independent (UK). 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Davies, Caroline (7 November 2018). "Prince Charles: 'Me, meddle as a king? I'm not that stupid'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2022. Barnes, Tom (2 January 2019). "Almost half of British public want Prince Charles to give throne to William upon Queen's death, survey finds". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022. Kirk, Isabelle. "Public opinion of Prince Charles improves in latest royal favourability poll". YouGov. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2022. "Queen Elizabeth II passes away, Prince Charles succeeds as king". The Statesman (India). 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022. Smith, Matthew (13 September 2022). "Britons' first impressions of King Charles III". yougov.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022. "King Charles III popularity and fame". YouGov. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023. Williams, Rhys (7 September 1994). "'Hunky' Prince is exposed to public gaze". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022. "German Tabloid Publishes Photo of Nude Prince Charles". Los Angeles Times. 8 September 1994. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022. Woods, Audrey (11 March 2002). "Prince Charles Addresses Editors". AP News Archive. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012. "Charles 'adopted dissident role'". BBC News. 21 February 2006. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2012. Rainey, Sarah; Blenkinsop, Andrew (13 July 2011). "Phone hacking: who's who in the News International scandal". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022. Burrell, Ian (2 December 2015). "The 15-page contract that reveals how Charles tries to control the media". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022. "The Independent has learnt that the Prince of Wales will only speak to broadcasters on the condition they have signed a 15-page contract, demanding that Clarence House attends both the "rough cut" and "fine cut" edits of films and, if it is unhappy with the final product, can "remove the contribution in its entirety from the programme"." Pegg, David. "Revealed: King Charles's private fortune estimated at £1.8bn". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023. Boffey, Daniel (13 September 2022). "King Charles will not pay tax on inheritance from the Queen". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023. "Clarence House". www.royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2014. "Prince Charles moves into Clarence House". BBC News. 2 August 2003. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022. Temple 2012. Bates, Stephen (28 July 2005). "MPs tell Prince of Wales: Open up". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 May 2023. Bonner, Mehera. "King Charles Has to Pay Prince William £700,000 in Rent to Keep His Highgrove Home", Cosmopolitan, 9 September 2022 Muir, Ellie (31 May 2023). "A fireplace, CD player and a 'little wooden bed': Inside King Charles's Romanian hideaway that you can rent". The Independent. Retrieved 3 June 2023. "King Charles owns a Romanian guest house, and you can stay there for less than £100 a night". House & Garden. 14 September 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2023. "Sovereign Grant Act 2011: guidance". www.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017. Booth, Robert (14 December 2012). "Prince Charles's £700m estate accused of tax avoidance". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013. Munzinger, Hannes; Osborne, Hilary (8 November 2017). "Prinz Charles und seine Offshore-Geschäfte". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023. Washington, Stuart (8 November 2017). "Paradise Papers: Prince Charles's estate, the Duchy of Cornwall, invested through Caribbean tax havens". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023. "King Charles: New royal cypher revealed". BBC News. 26 September 2022. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022. "The Prince of Wales visits the Royal Gurkha Rifles and Knole House". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014. "The Queen Appoints the Prince of Wales to Honorary Five-Star rank". The Prince of Wales website. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.; "Prince Charles awarded highest rank in all three armed forces". The Daily Telegraph. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.; "No. 60350". The London Gazette. 7 December 2012. p. 23557. "The London Gazette, Issue 38452, Page 5889". 9 November 1948. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022. "HRH The Duke of Edinburgh". College of Arms. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021. Malloch, Russell (24 April 2023). "King Charles III and The Gazette: Commonwealth awards". The Gazette. Retrieved 9 May 2023. Guy Jones (28 November 1958). "Motto may be more to Charles than to any of predecessors". Newspapers.com. p. 15. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023. David Gaddis Smith (3 May 1981). "Prince seeks to uphold popularity of monarchy". Newport News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023 – via Newspapers.com. "Londoner's Diary: Princely glove is not picked up". Evening Standard. 29 April 1987. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Christopher Morgan (13 February 2000). "Charles prefers George VII for his kingly title". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Phil Boucher (15 August 2018). "Here's Why Prince Charles Could Be Called George VII When He's King". People. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Pierce, Andrew (24 December 2005). "Call me George, suggests Charles". The Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2009. Cruse, Beth (23 May 2021). "The 4 names Prince Charles could choose when he becomes king". Nottingham Post. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023. White, Michael (27 December 2005). "Charles denies planning to reign as King George". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2012. "Clarence House yesterday issued a pained denial of claims that the Prince of Wales has held private discussions with "trusted friends" about the possibility of reigning as George VII rather than risk the negative connotations attached to the name King Charles." "Accession of Charles III: 'A monarch's choice of name is not a trivial thing'". Le Monde. 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023. "Charles chooses Charles III for his title as King". The Independent (UK). 9 September 2022. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2023. "Charles has become King Charles III – with his title as monarch a personal choice that was entirely his own." "Britain's new monarch to be known as King Charles III". Reuters. 8 September 2022. Archived from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022. "Clarence House confirmed on Thursday that Britain's new monarch will be known as King Charles III, following the death of Queen Elizabeth, PA Media reported on Thursday." Ward, EJ (5 May 2023). "King Charles military service and career: What medals does he have?". LBC. "Coats of Arms". The Royal Family. 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2023. "Royal Cypher". College of Arms. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022. "Standards". Prince of Wales. Archived from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016. "The Prince of Wales". Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges. Office of the Governor General of Canada: Canadian Heraldic Authority. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.     Paget 1977. Bibliography     Brandreth, Gyles (2007). Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair. Random House. ISBN 978-0-0994-9087-6.     Brendon, Piers (2007). The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997. Random House. ISBN 978-0-2240-6222-0.     Brown, Judith (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3.     Brown, Tina (2007). The Diana Chronicles. London: Century Random House. ISBN 978-1-8460-5312-2.     Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-6881-2996-X.     Holden, Anthony (1979). Prince Charles. Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-5930-2470-6.     Junor, Penny (2005). The Firm: The Troubled Life of the House of Windsor. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-3123-5274-5. OCLC 59360110.     Paget, Gerald (1977). The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (2 vols). Edinburgh: Charles Skilton. ISBN 978-0-2844-0016-1.     Pepinster, Catherine (2022). Defenders of the Faith: Queen Elizabeth II's funeral will see Christianity take centre stage. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-1-3998-0006-8.     Smith, Sally Bedell (2000). Diana in Search of Herself: Portrait of a Troubled Princess. Signet. ISBN 978-0-4512-0108-9.     Temple, Jon (2012). Living off the State: A Critical Guide to UK Royal Finance (2nd ed.). Progress Books. ISBN 978-0-9558-3111-9. Further reading     Benson, Ross (1994). Charles: The Untold Story. St Martins Press. ISBN 978-0-3121-0950-9.     Brown, Michèle (1980). Prince Charles. Crown. ISBN 978-0-5175-4019-0.     Campbell, J. (1981). Charles: Prince of Our Times. Smithmark. ISBN 978-0-7064-0968-0.     Cathcart, Helen (1977). Prince Charles: The biography (illustrated ed.). Taplinger Pub. Co; Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8008-6555-9.     Fisher, Graham; Fisher, Heather (1977). Charles: The Man and the Prince. Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7091-6095-3.     Gilleo, Alma (1978). Prince Charles: Growing Up in Buckingham Palace. Childs World. ISBN 978-0-8956-5029-0.     Graham, Caroline (2005). Camilla and Charles: The Love Story. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-8445-4195-9.     Heald, Tim; Mohrs, Mayo (1979). The Man Who Will Be King H.R.H. (Prince of Wales Charles). New York: Arbor House.     Hedley, Olwen (1969). Charles, 21st Prince of Wales. Pitkin Pictorials. ISBN 978-0-8537-2027-0.     Hodgson, Howard (2007). Charles: The Man Who Will Be King (illustrated ed.). John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-8445-4306-9.     Holden, Anthony (1988). King Charles III: A Biography. Grove. ISBN 978-1-5558-4309-0.         — (1998). Charles at Fifty. Random House. ISBN 978-0-3755-0175-3.         — (1999). Charles: A Biography. Corgi Books. ISBN 978-0-5529-9744-7.     Jencks, Charles (1988). Prince, Architects & New Wave Monarchy. Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-1010-9.     Jobson, Robert (2018). Charles at Seventy – Thoughts, Hopes & Dreams: Thoughts, Hopes and Dreams. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-7860-6887-3.     Junor, Penny (1998). Charles: Victim or Villain?. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-0025-5900-3.     Lacey, Robert (2008). Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II. Free Press. ISBN 978-1-4391-0839-0.     Lane, Peter (1988). Prince Charles: a study in development. Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7090-3320-2.     Liversidge, Douglas (1975). Prince Charles: monarch in the making. A. Barker. ISBN 978-0-2131-6568-0.     Martin, Christopher (1990). Prince Charles and the Architectural Debate (Architectural Design Profile). St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-3120-4048-2.     Mayer, Catherine (2015). Born to Be King: Prince Charles on Planet Windsor. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-1-6277-9438-1.         — (2015). Charles: The Heart of a King. Random House. ISBN 978-0-7535-5593-4.     Nugent, Jean (1982). Prince Charles, England's Future King. Dillon. ISBN 978-0-8751-8226-1.     Regan, Simon (1977). Charles, the Clown Prince. Everest Books. ISBN 978-0-9050-1850-8.     Smith, Sally Bedell (2017). Prince Charles: The Passions and Paradoxes of an Improbable Life. Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7980-0.     Spangenburg, Ray; Moser, Diane (2004). Open For Debate: Genetic Engineering. Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-7980-0.     Veon, Joan M. (1997). Prince Charles: The Sustainable Prince. Hearthstone. ISBN 978-1-5755-8021-0.     Wakeford, Geoffrey (1962). Charles, Prince of Wales. Associated Newspapers. External links     The King at the Royal Family website     King Charles III at the website of the Government of Canada     Charles III at the website of the Royal Collection Trust     Portraits of King Charles III at the National Portrait Gallery, London Edit this at Wikidata     King Charles III at IMDb     Appearances on C-SPAN Charles III House of Windsor Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg Born: 14 November 1948 Regnal titles Preceded by Elizabeth II     King of the United Kingdom, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu 8 September 2022 – present     Incumbent Heir apparent: The Prince of Wales British royalty Vacant Title last held by Edward (VIII)     Prince of Wales 26 July 1958 – 8 September 2022     Succeeded by The Prince William Duke of Cornwall Duke of Rothesay 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 Peerage of the United Kingdom Preceded by The Prince Philip     Duke of Edinburgh 9 April 2021 – 8 September 2022     Merged with the Crown Academic offices Preceded by The Earl Mountbatten of Burma     President of the United World Colleges 1978–1995     Succeeded by The Queen of Jordan Preceded by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother     President of the Royal College of Music 1993–present     Incumbent Honorary titles Preceded by The Duke of Gloucester     Great Master of the Order of the Bath 10 December 1974 – 8 September 2022     Vacant Preceded by Elizabeth II     Head of the Commonwealth 8 September 2022 – present     Incumbent Military offices Preceded by Elizabeth II     Lord High Admiral 8 September 2022  – present     Incumbent Order of precedence First     Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom HM The King     Succeeded by The Prince of Wales     vte Charles III King (2022–present) Realms         Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom Titles and honours         Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Supreme Governor of the Church of England Head of the Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces Lord of Mann Duke of Normandy King's Official Birthday Flags Family         Camilla Shand (wife) Diana Spencer (former wife) William, Prince of Wales (elder son) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (younger son) Elizabeth II (mother) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (father) Anne, Princess Royal (sister) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (brother) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (brother) Mountbatten-Windsor (family) Life as Prince of Wales         Investiture         Coronet First wedding         guest list Second wedding Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd Black spider memos 2022 State Opening of Parliament 2022 royal tour of Canada Accession and coronation         Proclamation of accession Coronation         Medal Concert guest list Coronation quiche Scottish service Reign         Household Prime ministers Operation Menai Bridge State and official visits         2023 visits to France; Kenya 2023 Trooping the Colour 2023 State Opening of Parliament Charities and campaigns         Mutton Renaissance Campaign The Prince's Charities         British Asian Trust Business in the Community Children & the Arts In Kind Direct iwill Campaign The Prince's Countryside Fund The King's Foundation The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health The Prince's School of Traditional Arts King Charles III Charitable Fund Royal Drawing School Turquoise Mountain Foundation Youth Business Scotland The Prince's May Day Network Prince's Trust Sustainable Markets Initiative         Great Reset Residences     As King         Buckingham Palace (official) Windsor Castle (official) Holyrood Palace (official, Scotland) Hillsborough Castle (official, Northern Ireland) Sandringham House (private) Balmoral Castle (private) Craigowan Lodge (private) As Prince of Wales         Clarence House (official) Highgrove House (private) Birkhall Llwynywermod Awards given and created         List of awards received Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership The Sun Military Awards Business ventures         Duchy Home Farm Dumfries House Highgrove House Shops Knockroon Nansledan Poundbury Waitrose Duchy Organic Depictions     Televised addresses         Royal address to the nation Royal Christmas Message Documentaries         Royal Family (1969) Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role (1994) Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007) Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016) Charles R: The Making of a Monarch (2023) Film and television         Chorus Girls (1981) Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) Spitting Image (1984–1996, 2020–2021) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Whatever Love Means (2005) The Queen (2006 film) The Queen (2009 TV serial) King Charles III (2017 film) The Windsors (2016–2020 TV series) The Crown (2016–) The Prince (2021) Spencer (2021) Plays         Her Royal Highness..? (1981) King Charles III (2014) Diana (2019/2021) The Windsors: Endgame (2021) Music         Buckingham Blues (1983) Prince Charles (1986) Bibliography         The Old Man of Lochnagar (1980) A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture (1989) Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World (2010) Climate Change (2023) Eponyms         Prince Charles Island Prince Charles Mountains Prince Charles stream tree frog     ← Elizabeth II Links to related articles     vte English, Scottish and British monarchs Monarchs of England until 1603    Monarchs of Scotland until 1603     Alfred the Great Edward the Elder Ælfweard Æthelstan Edmund I Eadred Eadwig Edgar the Peaceful Edward the Martyr Æthelred the Unready Sweyn Edmund Ironside Cnut Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Edward the Confessor Harold Godwinson Edgar Ætheling William I William II Henry I Stephen Matilda Henry II Henry the Young King Richard I John Louis Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Mary I and Philip Elizabeth I          Kenneth I MacAlpin Donald I Constantine I Áed Giric Eochaid Donald II Constantine II Malcolm I Indulf Dub Cuilén Amlaíb Kenneth II Constantine III Kenneth III Malcolm II Duncan I Macbeth Lulach Malcolm III Donald III Duncan II Edgar Alexander I David I Malcolm IV William I Alexander II Alexander III Margaret John Robert I David II Edward Balliol Robert II Robert III James I James II James III James IV James V Mary I James VI     Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns from 1603     James I and VI Charles I The Protectorate         Oliver Cromwell Richard Cromwell Charles II James II and VII William III and II and Mary II Anne     British monarchs after the Acts of Union 1707     Anne George I George II George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II Charles III     Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.     vte Order of precedence in the United Kingdom (gentlemen) Shared (royal family)         The King The Prince of Wales (in Scotland: the Duke of Rothesay) The Duke of Sussex (in Scotland: the Earl of Dumbarton) Prince George of Wales Prince Louis of Wales Prince Archie of Sussex The Duke of York (in Scotland: the Earl of Inverness) The Duke of Edinburgh Earl of Wessex Peter Phillips The Duke of Gloucester The Duke of Kent The Earl of Snowdon Prince Michael of Kent England and Wales         Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury Alex Chalk, Lord Chancellor Stephen Cottrell, Archbishop of York Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Lindsay Hoyle, Speaker of the House of Commons The Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord Speaker The Lord Reed of Allermuir, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The Lord True, Lord Privy Seal Ambassadors and High Commissioners The Lord Carrington, Lord Great Chamberlain The Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal The Earl of Rosslyn, Lord Steward The Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord Chamberlain The Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse Scotland         Lord Lieutenants Sheriffs Principal Alex Chalk, Lord High Chancellor Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Alister Jack, Secretary of State for Scotland The Earl of Erroll, Lord High Constable of Scotland The Duke of Argyll, Master of the Household in Scotland Northern Ireland         Lords Lieutenant of counties and cities High sheriffs of counties John McDowell, Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) Eamon Martin, Archbishop of Armagh (Roman Catholic) Dermot Farrell, Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic) Michael Jackson, Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland) Rt Rev Dr John Kirkpatrick, Moderator of the Presbyterian Church Lord Mayor of Belfast and Mayors of boroughs in Northern Ireland Alex Chalk, Lord High Chancellor Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Lindsay Hoyle, Commons Speaker The Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord Speaker The Lord Carrington, Lord Great Chamberlain The Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal The Earl of Rosslyn, Lord Steward The Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord Chamberlain The Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse not including short-term appointments, visiting dignitaries and most peers     vte British princes The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. 1st generation         King George II 2nd generation         Frederick, Prince of Wales Prince George William Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 3rd generation         King George III Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn Prince Frederick 4th generation         King George IV Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany King William IV Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn King Ernest Augustus of Hanover Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Prince Octavius Prince Alfred Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 5th generation         Prince Albert1 King George V of Hanover Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 6th generation         King Edward VII Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany Prince Ernest Augustus 7th generation         Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale King George V Prince Alexander John of Wales Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Arthur of Connaught Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince George William of Hanover Prince Christian of Hanover Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 8th generation         King Edward VIII King George VI Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester Prince George, Duke of Kent Prince John Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover Prince George William of Hanover 9th generation         Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh2 Prince William of Gloucester Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Prince Michael of Kent 10th generation         King Charles III Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 11th generation         William, Prince of Wales Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex 12th generation         Prince George of Wales Prince Louis of Wales Prince Archie of Sussex 1 Not a British prince by birth, but created Prince Consort. 2 Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics.     vte Princes of Wales     Edward (1301–1307) Edward (1343–1376) Richard (1376–1377) Henry (1399–1413) Edward (1454–1471) Richard (1460; disputed) Edward (1471–1483) Edward (1483–1484) Arthur (1489–1502) Henry (1504–1509) Edward (1537–1547) Henry (1610–1612) Charles (1616–1625) Charles (1641–1649) James (1688) George (1714–1727) Frederick (1728–1751) George (1751–1760) George (1762–1820) Albert Edward (1841–1901) George (1901–1910) Edward (1910–1936) Charles (1958–2022) William (2022–present)      See also: Principality of Wales     vte Dukes of Cornwall     Edward (1337–1376) Richard (1376–1377) Henry (1399–1413) Henry (1421–1422) Edward (1453–1471) Richard (1460; disputed) Edward (1470–1483) Edward (1483–1484) Arthur (1486–1502) Henry (1502–1509) Henry (1511) Edward (1537–1547) Henry Frederick (1603–1612) Charles (1612–1625) Charles (1630–1649) James (1688–1701/2) George (1714–1727) Frederick (1727–1751) George (1762–1820) Albert Edward (1841–1901) George (1901–1910) Edward (1910–1936) Charles (1952–2022) William (2022–present)      Cornwall Portal     vte Dukes of Rothesay     David (1398–1402) James (1402–1406) Alexander (1430) James (1430–1437) James (1452–1460) James (1473–1488) James (1507–1508) Arthur (1509–1510) James (1512–1513) James (1540–1541) James (1566–1567) Henry Frederick (1594–1612) Charles (1612–1625) Charles James (1629) Charles (1630–1649) James (1688–1689) George (1714–1727) Frederick (1727–1751) George (1762–1820) Albert Edward (1841–1901) George (1901–1910) Edward (1910–1936) Charles (1952–2022) William (2022–present)          vte Dukes of Edinburgh     Frederick (1726–1751) George (1751–1760) Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1764–1834) Alfred (1866–1900) Philip (1947–2021) Charles (2021–2022) Edward (2023–present)     vte Monarchs of Canada since independence     Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II Charles III          vte Heads of state of Jamaica Monarch (from 1962)         Elizabeth II Charles III          flagJamaica portal Governor-General (from 1962)         Blackburne Campbell Glasspole Cooke Hall Allen     vte Current monarchs of sovereign states Africa         Eswatini Mswati III Lesotho Letsie III Morocco Mohammed VI Americas         Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Charles III Asia         Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah Cambodia Norodom Sihamoni Japan Naruhito Jordan Abdullah II Kuwait Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Malaysia Abdullah of Pahang Oman Haitham bin Tariq Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Saudi Arabia Salman Thailand Vajiralongkorn United Arab Emirates Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Europe         Andorra Joan Enric Vives i Sicília and Emmanuel Macron Belgium Philippe Denmark Margrethe II Liechtenstein Hans-Adam II Luxembourg Henri Monaco Albert II Kingdom of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander Norway Harald V Spain Felipe VI Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf United Kingdom Charles III Vatican City Francis Oceania         Australia Cook Islands New Zealand Niue Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tuvalu Charles III Tonga Tupou VI     See also: Current heirs of sovereign monarchies     vte Heads of state of the G20     African Union  Assoumani Argentina Fernández Australia Charles III Brazil Lula Canada Charles III China Xi European Union Michel France Macron Germany Steinmeier India Murmu Indonesia Jokowi Italy Mattarella Japan Naruhito Mexico López Obrador Russia Putin Saudi Arabia Salman South Africa Ramaphosa South Korea Yoon Turkey Erdoğan United Kingdom Charles III United States Biden     vte Great Masters of the Order of the Bath     John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu (1725–1749) Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1767–1827) Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews (1827–1830) Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (1837–1843) Albert, Prince Consort (1843–1861) Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1897–1901) Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1901–1942) Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1942–1974) Charles, Prince of Wales (1974–2022)          vte Monarchies     Monarch Imperial, royal and noble ranks List of current sovereign monarchs List of current non-sovereign monarchs List of monarchy referendums Type         Absolute Constitutional Diarchy Elective Federal Hereditary Non-sovereign Personal union Regency Topics         Abdication Abolition of monarchy Aristocracy Criticism of monarchy Democratization Decolonization Dynasty Government Head of state Legitimacy (political) Oligarchy Order of succession Republicanism Self-proclaimed monarchy Sovereignty Titles         Chhatrapati Emperor King         Queen regnant Prince regnant Raja khan Tsar Sultan Shah Pharaoh Current     Africa         Eswatini Lesotho Morocco list Asia         Bahrain Bhutan Brunei Cambodia Japan Jordan Kuwait Malaysia Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Thailand United Arab Emirates list Europe         Andorra Belgium Denmark Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands Norway Spain Sweden Vatican City Oceania         Tonga Commonwealth realms         Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Belize Canada Grenada Jamaica New Zealand         Cook Islands Niue Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Solomon Islands Tuvalu United Kingdom Former     Africa         Adamawa Ankole Aussa Barotseland Bagirmi Bornu Burundi Central Africa Dahomey Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Gomma Gumma Kaffa Kongo Libya Luba Madagascar Mali Maore Maravi Mwali Ndzuwani Ngazidja Rwanda Shilluk Islands of Refreshment Tunisia Wituland Wassoulou Yeke Zanzibar Zimbabwe and other Americas         Araucanía Aztec Brazil Haiti Inca Mexico Miskito Suriname Talamanca Trinidad Thirteen Colonies Asia         Afghanistan Asir Bangladesh Bukhara Burma Cebu Chehab China Dapitan Hejaz Indonesia Iran (Qajar) Iraq Jabal Shammar Kandy (Sri Lanka) Kathiri Khiva Korea Kumul Kurdistan Laos Maguindanao Mahra Maldives Manchukuo Mongolia Najran Nepal Qu'aiti Ryukyu Sarawak Shan Sikkim Sip Song Chau Tai Sulu Syria Tibet Taiwan Upper Asir Upper Yafa Vietnam Yemen (South Yemen) Europe         Albania Aragon Asturias Austria Austria-Hungary Bavaria Bosnia Brittany Bulgaria Crimea Cilicia Corsica Cyprus Finland France Galicia Georgia Germany Greece Granada Hanover Hungary Iceland Imereti Ireland Italy Kartli-Kakheti Lithuania Majorca Man Moldavia Montenegro Navarre Neuchâtel Ottoman Empire Papal States Piedmont-Sardinia Poland–Lithuania Portugal Prussia Romania Russia Samos Saxony Savoy Scotland Serbia Tavolara Two Sicilies Tuscany Ukraine United Baltic Duchy Yugoslavia Valencia Württemberg Oceania         Abemama Bora Bora Easter Island Kingdom of Fiji Hawaii Huahine Mangareva Niuē-Fekai Nuku Hiva Raiatea Rapa Iti Rarotonga Rimatara Rurutu Tahuata Tahiti Commonwealth realms         Barbados Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Fiji The Gambia Ghana Guyana India (British Raj, princely states) Irish Free State / Ireland Kenya Malawi Malta Mauritius Nigeria Pakistan Rhodesia Sierra Leone South Africa Tanganyika Trinidad and Tobago Uganda     vte Great Officers of State of England and Scotland Great Officers of State of England     Lord High Steward         Vacant Lord High Chancellor         Alex Chalk MP (as Secretary of State for Justice) Lord High Treasurer         Vacant Lord President of the Council         Penny Mordaunt MP (also Leader of the House of Commons) Lord Privy Seal         Nicholas True, Baron True (also Leader of the House of Lords) Lord Great Chamberlain         In gross: Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington Lord High Constable         Vacant Earl Marshal         Edward Fitzalan-Howard, Duke of Norfolk Lord High Admiral         Charles III (in right of the Crown)1      Officers of State of Scotland     Greater     Lord High Chancellor         Abolished in 1707 (see Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain) Lord High Treasurer         Abolished in 1707 (see Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain) Lord Privy Seal         Vacant since 1921 Lord Secretary         Abolished in 1709 Lesser     Lord Clerk Register         Elish Angiolini Lord Advocate         Dorothy Bain Lord Treasurer-depute         Abolished in 1707 Lord Justice Clerk         Leeona Dorrian, Lady Dorrian Officers of the Crown of Scotland     Lord President of the Council         Privy Council abolished in 1708 Lord High Chamberlain         Resigned to the Crown in 1703 Lord High Steward         William, Duke of Rothesay (as Prince and Great Steward of Scotland) Lord High Constable         Merlin Hay, Earl of Erroll Knight Marischal         Vacant since 1863 Earl Marischal         Forfeit in 1716 Lord High Admiral2         Abolished in 1707 Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland2         Humza Yousaf MSP (as First Minister of Scotland) 1 Office is either vested in the Crown, or vacant. Status is currently debated. 2 There is debate around whether these offices constitute Officers of the Crown. Portals:     icon Monarchy     flag United Kingdom     flag England     flag Cornwall     icon London     flag Scotland     flag Wales     icon Northern Ireland     flag Australia     flag Belize     flag Canada     flag Jamaica     flag New Zealand     flag Tuvalu Charles III at Wikipedia's sister projects:     Media from Commons     News from Wikinews     Quotations from Wikiquote Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International         FAST ISNI         2 VIAF WorldCat National         Norway Spain France BnF data Argentina Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Finland Belgium United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Korea Netherlands Poland Academics         CiNii Artists         MusicBrainz Te Papa (New Zealand) ULAN People         Deutsche Biographie Trove UK Parliament Other         NARA RISM SNAC IdRef Categories:     Charles III1948 birthsLiving people20th-century British philanthropists20th-century English male writers21st-century British monarchs21st-century British philanthropists21st-century English male writersAlternative medicine activistsAlumni of Aberystwyth UniversityAlumni of Trinity College, CambridgeBarons GreenwichBritish field marshalsBritish princesChildren of Elizabeth IIDukes of CornwallDukes of EdinburghDukes of RothesayEarls of MerionethEnglish AnglicansEnglish environmentalistsEnglish people of Danish descentEnglish people of German descentEnglish people of Greek descentEnglish people of Russian descentEnglish people of Scottish descentGraduates of the Royal Air Force College CranwellHeads of the CommonwealthHeads of state of Antigua and BarbudaHeads of state of AustraliaHeads of state of the BahamasHeads of state of BelizeHeads of state of CanadaHeads of state of GrenadaHeads of state of JamaicaHeads of state of New ZealandHeads of state of Papua New GuineaHeads of state of Saint Kitts and NevisHeads of state of Saint LuciaHeads of state of Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesHeads of state of the Solomon IslandsHeads of state of TuvaluHeirs to the British throneHereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999Honorary air commodoresHouse of WindsorLord High Admirals of the United KingdomMarshals of the Royal Air ForceMonarchs of the Isle of ManMonarchs of the United KingdomMountbatten-Windsor familyPeople educated at Cheam SchoolPeople educated at Geelong Grammar SchoolPeople educated at GordonstounPeople educated at Hill House SchoolPeople from WestminsterPeople of the National Rifle AssociationPeople named in the Paradise PapersPhilanthropists from LondonPrinces of WalesRoyal Navy admirals of the fleetSons of monarchsSustainability advocatesWriters from London Diana, Princess of Wales     Article     Talk     Read     View source     View history Tools This is a good article. Click here for more information. Page semi-protected From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Lady Diana Spencer) Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Diana Spencer (disambiguation), Lady Di (disambiguation), People's Princess (disambiguation), and Princess Diana (disambiguation). Diana Princess of Wales (more) Diana wears a pink skirt suit and a pearl necklace. Diana in June 1997 Born    Diana Frances Spencer 1 July 1961 Park House, Sandringham, England Died    31 August 1997 (aged 36) Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France Cause of death    Car crash Burial    6 September 1997 Althorp, Northamptonshire, England Spouse    Charles, Prince of Wales (later Charles III) ​ ​ (m. 1981; div. 1996)​ Issue         William, Prince of Wales     Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex Noble/royal house         Spencer (by birth)     Windsor (by marriage) Father    John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer Mother    Frances Roche Education         Riddlesworth Hall School     West Heath Girls' School     Institut Alpin Videmanette Signature Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and mother of Princes William and Harry. Her activism and glamour made her an international icon, and earned her enduring popularity. Diana was born into British nobility, and grew up close to the royal family on their Sandringham estate. In 1981, while working as a nursery teacher's assistant, she became engaged to Charles, the eldest son of Elizabeth II. Their wedding took place at St Paul's Cathedral in July 1981 and made her Princess of Wales, a role in which she was enthusiastically received by the public. The couple had two sons, William and Harry, who were then respectively second and third in the line of succession to the British throne. Diana's marriage to Charles suffered due to their incompatibility and extramarital affairs. They separated in 1992, soon after the breakdown of their relationship became public knowledge. Their marital difficulties were widely publicised, and the couple divorced in 1996. As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions across the Commonwealth realms. She was celebrated in the media for her unconventional approach to charity work. Her patronages were initially centred on children and the elderly, but she later became known for her involvement in two particular campaigns: one involved the social attitudes towards and the acceptance of AIDS patients, and the other for the removal of landmines, promoted through the International Red Cross. She also raised awareness and advocated for ways to help people affected by cancer and mental illness. Diana was initially noted for her shyness, but her charisma and friendliness endeared her to the public and helped her reputation survive the public collapse of her marriage. Considered photogenic, she is regarded as a fashion icon of the 1980s and 1990s. In August 1997, Diana died in a car crash in Paris; the incident led to extensive public mourning and global media attention. An inquest returned a verdict of unlawful killing following Operation Paget, an investigation by the Metropolitan Police. Her legacy has had a deep impact on the royal family and British society.[1] Early life Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961, the fourth of five children of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp (1924–1992), and Frances Spencer, Viscountess Althorp (née Roche; 1936–2004).[2] She was delivered at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk.[3] The Spencer family had been closely allied with the British royal family for several generations;[4] her grandmothers, Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer, and Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy, had served as ladies-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[5] Her parents were hoping for a boy to carry on the family line, and no name was chosen for a week until they settled on Diana Frances after her mother and Lady Diana Spencer, a many-times-great-aunt who was also a prospective princess of Wales as a potential bride for George II's eldest son and heir, Frederick.[6] Within the family, she was also known informally as "Duch", a reference to her duchess-like attitude in childhood.[7] On 30 August 1961,[8] Diana was baptised at St. Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham.[6] She grew up with three siblings: Sarah, Jane, and Charles.[9] Her infant brother, John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born.[10] The desire for an heir added strain to her parents' marriage, and Lady Althorp was sent to Harley Street clinics in London to determine the cause of the "problem".[6] The experience was described as "humiliating" by Diana's younger brother, Charles: "It was a dreadful time for my parents and probably the root of their divorce because I don't think they ever got over it".[6] Diana grew up in Park House, situated on the Sandringham estate.[11] The family leased the house from its owner, Queen Elizabeth II, whom Diana called "Aunt Lilibet" since childhood.[12] The royal family frequently holidayed at the neighbouring Sandringham House, and Diana played with Princes Andrew and Edward.[13] Althorp (pictured in 2006), the Spencer family seat Diana was seven years old when her parents divorced.[14] Her mother later began a relationship with Peter Shand Kydd and married him in 1969.[15] Diana lived with her mother in London during her parents' separation in 1967, but during that year's Christmas holidays, Lord Althorp refused to let his daughter return to London with Lady Althorp. Shortly afterwards, he won custody of Diana with support from his former mother-in-law, Lady Fermoy.[16] In 1976, Lord Althorp married Raine, Countess of Dartmouth.[17] Diana's relationship with her stepmother was particularly bad.[18] She resented Raine, whom she called a "bully". On one occasion Diana pushed her down the stairs.[18] She later described her childhood as "very unhappy" and "very unstable, the whole thing".[19] She became known as Lady Diana after her father later inherited the title of Earl Spencer in 1975, at which point her father moved the entire family from Park House to Althorp, the Spencer seat in Northamptonshire.[20] Education and career Diana was initially home-schooled under the supervision of her governess, Gertrude Allen.[21] She began her formal education at Silfield Private School in King's Lynn, Norfolk, and moved to Riddlesworth Hall School, an all-girls boarding school near Thetford, when she was nine.[22] She joined her sisters at West Heath Girls' School in Sevenoaks, Kent, in 1973.[23] She did not perform well academically, failing her O-levels twice.[24][25] Her outstanding community spirit was recognised with an award from West Heath.[26] She left West Heath when she was sixteen.[27] Her brother Charles recalls her as being quite shy up until that time.[28] She demonstrated musical ability as a skilled pianist.[26] She also excelled in swimming and diving, and studied ballet and tap dance.[29] Coleherne Court in Chelsea, London, where Diana lived between 1979 and 1981. An English Heritage blue plaque is located at the address. In 1978, Diana worked for three months as a nanny for Philippa and Jeremy Whitaker in Hampshire.[30] After attending Institut Alpin Videmanette (a finishing school in Rougemont, Switzerland) for one term, and leaving after the Easter term of 1978,[31] Diana returned to London, where she shared her mother's flat with two school friends.[32] In London, she took an advanced cooking course and worked at a series of low-paying jobs; she worked as a dance instructor for youth until a skiing accident caused her to miss three months of work.[33] She then found employment as a playgroup pre-school assistant, did some cleaning work for her sister Sarah and several of her friends, and acted as a hostess at parties. She spent time working as a nanny for the Robertsons, an American family living in London,[34] and worked as a nursery teacher's assistant at the Young England School in Pimlico.[35] In July 1979, her mother bought her a flat at Coleherne Court in Earl's Court as an 18th birthday present.[36] She lived there with three flatmates until 25 February 1981.[37] Personal life Diana first met Charles, Prince of Wales, the Queen's eldest son and heir apparent, when she was 16 in November 1977. He was then 29 and dating her older sister, Sarah.[38][39] Charles and Diana were guests at a country weekend during the summer of 1980 and he took a serious interest in her as a potential bride.[40] The relationship progressed when he invited her aboard the royal yacht Britannia for a sailing weekend to Cowes. This was followed by an invitation to Balmoral Castle (the royal family's Scottish residence) to meet his family.[41][42] She was well received by the Queen, the Queen Mother and the Duke of Edinburgh. Charles subsequently courted Diana in London. He proposed on 6 February 1981 at Windsor Castle, and she accepted, but their engagement was kept secret for two and a half weeks.[37] Engagement and wedding Further information: Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer and Wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer Diana and Charles's wedding commemorated on a stamp by the Post of Seychelles Their engagement became official on 24 February 1981.[21] Diana selected her own engagement ring.[21] Following the engagement, she left her occupation as a nursery teacher's assistant and temporarily lived at the Queen Mother's residence, Clarence House.[43] She subsequently resided at Buckingham Palace until the wedding,[43] where, according to the biographer Ingrid Seward, her life was "incredibly lonely".[44] Diana was the first Englishwoman to marry the first in line to the throne since Anne Hyde married James, Duke of York and Albany (later James VII and II), over 300 years earlier, and she was also the first royal bride to have a paying job before her engagement.[21][26] Diana's first public appearance with Charles was at a charity ball held at Goldsmiths' Hall in March 1981, where she was introduced to Princess Grace of Monaco.[43] Twenty-year-old Diana became Princess of Wales when she married Charles on 29 July 1981. The wedding was held at St Paul's Cathedral, which offered more seating than Westminster Abbey, a church that was generally used for royal weddings.[21][26] The service was widely described as a "fairytale wedding" and was watched by a global television audience of 750 million people while 600,000 spectators lined the streets to catch a glimpse of the couple en route to the ceremony.[21][45] At the altar, Diana inadvertently reversed the order of his first two names, saying "Philip Charles" Arthur George instead.[45] She did not say she would "obey" him; that traditional vow was left out at the couple's request, which caused some comment at the time.[46] Diana wore a dress valued at £9,000 (equivalent to £36,700 in 2021) with a 25-foot (7.62-metre) train.[47] Within a few years of the wedding, the Queen extended Diana visible tokens of membership in the royal family; she lent her the Queen Mary's Lover's Knot Tiara,[48][49] and granted her the badge of the Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II.[50][51] Children The couple had residences at Kensington Palace and Highgrove House, near Tetbury. On 5 November 1981, Diana's pregnancy was announced.[52] In January 1982—12 weeks into the pregnancy—Diana fell down a staircase at Sandringham, suffering some bruising, and the royal gynaecologist George Pinker was summoned from London; the foetus was uninjured.[53] Diana later confessed that she had intentionally thrown herself down the stairs because she was feeling "so inadequate".[54] On 21 June 1982, she gave birth to the couple's first son, Prince William.[55] She subsequently suffered from postpartum depression after her first pregnancy.[56] Amidst some media criticism, she decided to take William—who was still a baby—on her first major tours of Australia and New Zealand, and the decision was popularly applauded. By her own admission, Diana had not initially intended to take William until Malcolm Fraser, the Australian prime minister, made the suggestion.[57] A second son, Harry, was born on 15 September 1984.[58] Diana said she and Charles were closest during her pregnancy with Harry.[59] She was aware their second child was a boy, but did not share the knowledge with anyone else, including Charles as he was hoping for a girl.[60] Diana gave her sons wider experiences than was usual for royal children.[21][61][62] She rarely deferred to Charles or to the royal family, and was often intransigent when it came to the children. She chose their first given names, dismissed a royal family nanny and engaged one of her own choosing, selected their schools and clothing, planned their outings, and took them to school herself as often as her schedule permitted. She also organised her public duties around their timetables.[63] Diana was reported to have described Harry as "naughty, just like me", and William as "my little wise old man" whom she started to rely on as her confidant by his early teens.[64] Problems and separation With Charles during the royal tour of Australia in 1983 Five years into the marriage, the couple's incompatibility and age difference of twelve years became visible and damaging.[65] In 1986 Diana began a relationship with James Hewitt, the family's former riding instructor and in the same year, Charles resumed his relationship with his former girlfriend Camilla Parker Bowles. The media speculated that Hewitt, not Charles, was Harry's father based on the alleged physical similarity between Hewitt and Harry, but Hewitt and others have denied this. Harry was born two years before Hewitt and Diana began their affair.[59][66] By 1987 cracks in the marriage had become visible and the couple's unhappiness and cold attitude towards one another were being reported by the press,[44][67] who dubbed them "the Glums" because of their evident discomfort in each other's company.[68][69] In 1989 Diana was at a birthday party for Parker Bowles's sister, Annabel Elliot, when she confronted Parker Bowles about her and Charles's extramarital affair.[70][71] These affairs were later exposed in 1992 with the publication of Andrew Morton's book, Diana: Her True Story.[72][73] The book, which also revealed Diana's allegedly suicidal unhappiness, caused a media storm. In 1991, James Colthurst conducted secret interviews with Diana in which she had talked about her marital issues and difficulties. These recordings were later used as a source for Morton's book.[74][75] During her lifetime, both Diana and Morton denied her direct involvement in the writing process and maintained that family and friends were the book's main source, however, after her death Morton acknowledged Diana's role in writing the tell-all in the book's updated edition, Diana: Her True Story in Her Own Words.[76] The Queen and Prince Philip hosted a meeting between Charles and Diana and unsuccessfully tried to effect a reconciliation.[77] Philip wrote to Diana and expressed his disappointment at the extramarital affairs of both her and Charles; he asked her to examine their behaviour from the other's point of view.[78] Diana reportedly found the letters difficult, but nevertheless appreciated that he was acting with good intent.[79] It was alleged by some people, including Diana's close friend Simone Simmons, that Diana and Philip had a tense relationship;[80][81][82] however, other observers said their letters provided no sign of friction between them.[83] Philip later issued a statement, publicly denying the allegations of him insulting Diana.[84] During 1992 and 1993, leaked tapes of telephone conversations reflected negatively on both Charles and Diana. Tape recordings of Diana and James Gilbey were made public in August 1992,[85] and transcripts were published the same month.[21] The article, "Squidgygate", was followed in November 1992 by the leaked "Camillagate" tapes, intimate exchanges between Charles and Parker Bowles, published in the tabloids.[86][87] In December 1992, the British prime minister, John Major, announced the couple's "amicable separation" to the House of Commons.[88][89] Carrying out an engagement in South Shields, 1992 Between 1992 and 1993, Diana hired a voice coach, Peter Settelen, to help her develop her public speaking voice.[90] In a videotape recorded by Settelen in 1992, Diana said that in 1984 through to 1986, she had been "deeply in love with someone who worked in this environment."[91][92] It is thought she was referring to Barry Mannakee,[93] who was transferred to the Diplomatic Protection Squad in 1986 after his managers had determined that his relationship with Diana had been inappropriate.[92][94] Diana said in the tape that Mannakee had been "chucked out" from his role as her bodyguard following suspicion that the two were having an affair.[91] Penny Junor suggested in her 1998 book that Diana was in a romantic relationship with Mannakee.[95] Diana's friends dismissed the claim as absurd.[95] In the subsequently released tapes, Diana said she had feelings for that "someone", saying "I was quite happy to give all this up [and] just to go off and live with him". She described him as "the greatest friend [she's] ever had", though she denied any sexual relationship with him.[96] She also spoke bitterly of her husband saying that "[He] made me feel so inadequate in every possible way, that each time I came up for air he pushed me down again."[97][98] Although she blamed Parker Bowles for her marital troubles, Diana began to believe her husband had been involved in other affairs. In October 1993 Diana wrote to her butler Paul Burrell, telling him that she believed her husband was now in love with his personal assistant Tiggy Legge-Bourke—who was also his sons' former nanny—and was planning to have her killed "to make the path clear for him to marry Tiggy".[99][100] Legge-Bourke had been hired by Charles as a young companion for his sons while they were in his care, and Diana was resentful of Legge-Bourke and her relationship with the young princes.[101] Charles sought public understanding via a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby on 29 June 1994. In the interview, he said he had rekindled his relationship with Parker Bowles in 1986 only after his marriage to Diana had "irretrievably broken down".[102][103][104] In the same year, Diana's affair with Hewitt was exposed in detail in the book Princess in Love by Anna Pasternak, with Hewitt acting as the main source.[64] Diana was evidently disturbed and outraged when the book was released, although Pasternak claimed Hewitt had acted with Diana's support to avoid having the affair covered in Andrew Morton's second book.[64] In the same year, the News of the World claimed that Diana had had an affair with the married art dealer Oliver Hoare.[105][106] According to Hoare's obituary, there was little doubt she had been in a relationship with him.[107] However, Diana denied any romantic relationship with Hoare, whom she described as a friend.[108][109] She was also linked by the press to the rugby union player Will Carling[110][111] and private equity investor Theodore J. Forstmann,[112][113] yet these claims were neither confirmed nor proven.[114][115] Divorce Kensington Palace (pictured in 2018), Diana's home and the site of her 1995 Panorama interview The journalist Martin Bashir interviewed Diana for the BBC current affairs show Panorama. The interview was broadcast on 20 November 1995.[116] Diana discussed her own and her husband's extramarital affairs.[117] Referring to Charles's relationship with Parker Bowles, she said: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded." She also expressed doubt about her husband's suitability for kingship.[116] The authors Tina Brown, Sally Bedell Smith, and Sarah Bradford support Diana's admission in the interview that she had suffered from depression, bulimia and had engaged numerous times in the act of self harm; the show's transcript records Diana confirming many of her mental health problems.[116] The combination of illnesses from which Diana herself said she suffered resulted in some of her biographers opining that she had borderline personality disorder.[118][119] It was later revealed that Bashir had used forged bank statements to win Diana and her brother's trust to secure the interview, falsely indicating people close to her had been paid for spying.[120] Lord Dyson conducted an independent inquiry into the issue and concluded that Bashir had "little difficulty in playing on [Diana's] fears and paranoia", a sentiment that was shared by Diana's son William.[121][122] The interview proved to be the tipping point. On 20 December, Buckingham Palace announced that the Queen had sent letters to Charles and Diana, advising them to divorce.[123][124] The Queen's move was backed by John Major and by senior privy counsellors, and, according to the BBC, was decided after two weeks of talks.[125] Charles formally agreed to the divorce in a written statement soon after.[123] In February 1996, Diana announced her agreement after negotiations with Charles and representatives of the Queen,[126] irritating Buckingham Palace by issuing her own announcement of the divorce agreement and its terms. In July 1996, the couple agreed on the terms of their divorce.[127] This followed shortly after Diana's accusation that Charles's personal assistant Tiggy Legge-Bourke had aborted his child, after which Legge-Bourke instructed her solicitor Peter Carter-Ruck to demand an apology.[128][129] Diana's private secretary Patrick Jephson resigned shortly before the story broke, later writing that Diana had "exulted in accusing Legge-Bourke of having had an abortion".[130][131] The rumours of Legge-Bourke's alleged abortion were apparently spread by Martin Bashir as a means to gain his Panorama interview with Diana.[132] The decree nisi was granted on 15 July 1996 and the divorce was finalised on 28 August 1996.[133][134] Diana was represented by Anthony Julius in the case.[135] The couple shared custody of their children.[136] She received a lump sum settlement of £17 million (equivalent to £34 million in 2021) as well as £400,000 per year. The couple signed a confidentiality agreement that prohibited them from discussing the details of the divorce or of their married life.[137][127] Days before, letters patent were issued with general rules to regulate royal titles after divorce. Diana lost the style "Her Royal Highness" and instead was styled Diana, Princess of Wales. As the mother of the prince expected to one day ascend to the throne, she was still considered to be a member of the royal family and was accorded the same precedence she enjoyed during her marriage.[138] The Queen reportedly wanted to let Diana continue to use the style of Royal Highness after her divorce, but Charles had insisted on removing it.[127] Prince William was reported to have reassured his mother: "Don't worry, Mummy, I will give it back to you one day when I am king".[139] Almost a year before, according to Tina Brown, Philip had warned Diana: "If you don't behave, my girl, we'll take your title away." She is said to have replied: "My title is a lot older than yours, Philip."[140] Post-divorce After her 1996 divorce, Diana retained the double apartment on the north side of Kensington Palace that she had shared with Charles since the first year of their marriage; the apartment remained her home until her death the following year. She also moved her offices to Kensington Palace but was permitted "to use the state apartments at St James's Palace".[127][141] In a book published in 2003, Paul Burrell claimed Diana's private letters had revealed that her brother, Lord Spencer, had refused to allow her to live at Althorp, despite her request.[129] The allegations were proven to be untrue as Spencer received legal apologies from different newspapers, including The Times in 2021, which admitted that "having considered his sister's safety, and in line with police advice, the Earl offered the Princess of Wales a number of properties included Wormleighton Manor, the Spencer family's original ancestral home".[142] However, he could not offer Garden House cottage on the Althorp estate to Diana as the home was intended for a member of staff.[142] Diana was also given an allowance to run her private office, which was responsible for her charity work and royal duties, but from September 1996 onwards she was required to pay her bills and "any expenditure" incurred by her or on her behalf.[143] Furthermore, she continued to have access to the jewellery that she had received during her marriage, and was allowed to use the air transport of the British royal family and government.[127] Diana was also offered security by Metropolitan Police's Royalty Protection Group, which she benefitted from while travelling with her sons, but had refused it in the final years of her life, in an attempt to distance herself from the royal family.[144][145] After her death, it was revealed that Diana had been in discussion with Major's successor, Tony Blair, about a special role that would provide a government platform for her campaigns and charities to make her capable of endorsing Britain's interests overseas.[146] Diana retained close friendships with several celebrities, including Elton John, Freddie Mercury, Liza Minnelli, George Michael, Michael Jackson, and Gianni Versace, whose funeral she attended in 1997.[147][148] She dated the British-Pakistani heart surgeon Hasnat Khan, who was called "the love of her life" by many of her closest friends after her death,[149][150][151] and she is said to have described him as "Mr. Wonderful".[152][153][154][155] In May 1996, Diana visited Lahore upon invitation of Imran Khan, a relative of Hasnat Khan, and visited the latter's family in secret.[156][157] Khan was intensely private and the relationship was conducted in secrecy, with Diana lying to members of the press who questioned her about it. Their relationship lasted almost two years with differing accounts of who ended it.[157][158] She is said to have spoken of her distress when he ended their relationship.[149] However, according to Khan's testimony at the inquest into her death, it was Diana who ended their relationship in the summer of 1997.[159] Burrell also said the relationship was ended by Diana in July 1997.[80] Burrell also claimed that Diana's mother, Frances Shand Kydd, disapproved of her daughter's relationship with a Muslim man.[160] By the time of Diana's death in 1997, she had not spoken to her mother in four months.[161][162] By contrast, her relationship with her estranged stepmother had reportedly improved.[163][164] Within a month, Diana began a relationship with Dodi Fayed, the son of her summer host, Mohamed Al-Fayed.[165] That summer, Diana had considered taking her sons on a holiday to the Hamptons on Long Island, New York, but security officials had prevented it. After deciding against a trip to Thailand, she accepted Fayed's invitation to join his family in the south of France, where his compound and large security detail would not cause concern to the Royal Protection squad. Mohamed Al-Fayed bought the Jonikal, a 60-metre multimillion-pound yacht on which to entertain Diana and her sons.[165][166][167] Tina Brown later claimed that Diana's romance with Fayed and her four-month relationship with Gulu Lalvani were a ploy "to inflame the true object of her affections, Hasnat Khan".[64] In the years after her death, Burrell, journalist Richard Kay, and voice coach Stewart Pierce have claimed that Diana was also thinking about buying a property in the United States.[168][169][170] Princess of Wales In Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1983 Following her engagement to Charles, Diana made her first official public appearance in March 1981 in a charity event at Goldsmiths' Hall.[171][172] She attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 1981, making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards. In October 1981, Charles and Diana visited Wales.[26][173] She attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time on 4 November 1981.[174] Her first solo engagement was a visit to Regent Street on 18 November 1981 to switch on the Christmas lights.[175] Diana made her inaugural overseas tour in September 1982, to attend the state funeral of Princess Grace of Monaco.[26] Also in 1982, Diana was created a Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown by Queen Beatrix.[176] In 1983, she accompanied Charles and William on a tour of Australia and New Zealand. The tour was a success and the couple drew immense crowds, though the press focused more on Diana rather than Charles, coining the term 'Dianamania' as a reference to people's obsession with her.[177] While sitting in a car with Charles near the Sydney Opera House, Diana burst into tears for a few minutes, which their office stated was due to jet lag and the heat.[178] In New Zealand, the couple met with representatives of the Māori people.[26] Their visit to Canada in June and July 1983 included a trip to Edmonton to open the 1983 Summer Universiade and a stop in Newfoundland to commemorate the 400th anniversary of that island's acquisition by the Crown.[179] In 1983, she was targeted by the Scottish National Liberation Army who tried to deliver a letter bomb to her.[180] Diana and Charles with Nancy and Ronald Reagan in November 1985 In February 1984, Diana was the patron of London City Ballet when she travelled to Norway on her own to attend a performance organised by the company.[26] In April 1985, Charles and Diana visited Italy, and were later joined by their sons.[26] They met with President Alessandro Pertini. Their visit to the Holy See included a private audience with Pope John Paul II.[181] In autumn 1985, they returned to Australia, and their tour was well received by the public and the media, who referred to Diana as "Di-amond Princess" and the "Jewel in the Crown".[182] In November 1985, the couple visited the United States,[26] meeting Ronald and Nancy Reagan at the White House. Diana had a busy year in 1986 as she and Charles toured Japan, Spain, and Canada.[179] In Canada, they visited Expo 86,[179] where Diana fainted in the California Pavilion.[183][184] In November 1986, she went on a six-day tour to Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, where she met King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and Sultan Qaboos of Oman.[185] In 1988, Charles and Diana visited Thailand and toured Australia for the bicentenary celebrations.[26][186] In February 1989, she spent a few days in New York as a solo visit, mainly to promote the works of the Welsh National Opera, of which she was a patron.[187] During a tour of Harlem Hospital Center, she spontaneously hugged a seven-year-old child with AIDS.[188] In March 1989, she had her second trip to the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, in which she visited Kuwait and the UAE.[185] With Barbara Bush in the Yellow Oval Room, 1990 In March 1990, Diana and Charles toured Nigeria and Cameroon.[189] The president of Cameroon hosted an official dinner to welcome them in Yaoundé.[189] Highlights of the tour included visits by Diana to hospitals and projects focusing on women's development.[189] In May 1990, they visited Hungary for four days.[188][190] It was the first visit by members of the royal family to "a former Warsaw Pact country".[188] They attended a dinner hosted by President Árpád Göncz and viewed a fashion display at the Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest.[190] Peto Institute was among the places visited by Diana, and she presented its director with an honorary OBE.[188] In November 1990, the royal couple went to Japan to attend the enthronement of Emperor Akihito.[26][191] In her desire to play an encouraging role during the Gulf War, Diana visited Germany in December 1990 to meet with the families of soldiers.[188] She subsequently travelled to Germany in January 1991 to visit RAF Bruggen, and later wrote an encouraging letter which was published in Soldier, Navy News and RAF News.[188] In 1991, Charles and Diana visited Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, where they presented the university with a replica of their royal charter.[192] In September 1991, Diana visited Pakistan on a solo trip, and went to Brazil with Charles.[193] During the Brazilian tour, Diana paid visits to organisations that battled homelessness among street children.[193] Her final trips with Charles were to India and South Korea in 1992.[26] She visited Mother Teresa's hospice in Kolkata, India.[194] The two women met later in the same month in Rome[195] and developed a personal relationship.[194] It was also during the Indian tour that pictures of Diana alone in front of the Taj Mahal made headlines.[196][197][198] In May 1992, she went on a solo tour of Egypt, visiting the Giza pyramid complex and attending a meeting with Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.[199][200] In November 1992, she went on an official solo trip to France and had an audience with President François Mitterrand.[201] In March 1993, she went on her first solo trip after her separation from Charles, visiting a leprosy hospital in Nepal where she met and came into contact with some patients, marking the first time they had ever been touched by a dignitary who had come to visit.[202] In December 1993, she announced that she would withdraw from public life, but in November 1994 she said she wished to "make a partial return".[26][188] In her capacity as the vice-president of British Red Cross, she was interested in playing an important role for its 125th anniversary celebrations.[188] Later, the Queen formally invited her to attend the anniversary celebrations of D-Day.[26] In February 1995, Diana visited Japan.[191] She paid a formal visit to Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko,[191] and visited the National Children's Hospital in Tokyo.[203] In June 1995, Diana went to the Venice Biennale art festival,[204] and also visited Moscow where she received the International Leonardo Prize.[205] In November 1995, Diana undertook a four-day trip to Argentina to attend a charity event.[206] She visited many other countries, including Belgium, Switzerland, and Zimbabwe, alongside numerous others.[26] During her separation from Charles, which lasted for almost four years, Diana participated in major national occasions as a senior member of the royal family, notably including "the commemorations of the 50th anniversaries of Victory in Europe Day and Victory over Japan Day" in 1995.[26] Charity work and patronages In 1983, she confided to the Premier of Newfoundland, Brian Peckford, "I am finding it very difficult to cope with the pressures of being Princess of Wales, but I am learning to cope with it".[207] She was expected to make regular public appearances at hospitals, schools, and other facilities, in the 20th-century model of royal patronage. From the mid-1980s, she became increasingly associated with numerous charities. She carried out 191 official engagements in 1988[208] and 397 in 1991.[209] Diana developed an intense interest in serious illnesses and health-related matters outside the purview of traditional royal involvement, including AIDS and leprosy. In recognition of her effect as a philanthropist, Stephen Lee, director of the UK Institute of Charity Fundraising Managers, said "Her overall effect on charity is probably more significant than any other person's in the 20th century."[210] At the official opening of the community centre on Whitehall Road, Bristol, in May 1987 She was the patroness of charities and organisations who worked with the homeless, youth, drug addicts, and the elderly. From 1989, she was president of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. She was patron of the Natural History Museum[211][212] and president of the Royal Academy of Music[128][213][211] and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.[214] From 1984 to 1996, she was president of Barnardo's, a charity founded by Dr. Thomas John Barnardo in 1866 to care for vulnerable children and young people.[215][211] In 1988, she became patron of the British Red Cross and supported its organisations in other countries such as Australia and Canada.[188] She made several lengthy visits each week to Royal Brompton Hospital, where she worked to comfort seriously ill or dying patients.[194] From 1991 to 1996, she was a patron of Headway, a brain injury association.[211][216] In 1992, she became the first patron of Chester Childbirth Appeal, a charity she had supported since 1984.[217] The charity, which is named after one of Diana's royal titles, could raise over £1 million with her help.[217] In 1994, she helped her friend Julia Samuel launch the charity Child Bereavement UK which supports children "of military families, those of suicide victims, [and] terminally-ill parents", and became its patron.[218] William later replaced his mother as the charity's royal patron.[219][a] In 1987, Diana was awarded the Honorary Freedom of the City of London, the highest honour which is in the power of the City of London to bestow on someone.[224][225] In June 1995, she travelled to Moscow. She paid a visit to a children's hospital she had previously supported when she provided them with medical equipment. In December 1995, Diana received the United Cerebral Palsy Humanitarian of the Year Award in New York City for her philanthropic efforts.[226][227][228] In October 1996, for her works on the elderly, she was awarded a gold medal at a health care conference organised by the Pio Manzù Centre in Rimini, Italy.[229] The day after her divorce, she announced her resignation from over 100 charities and retained patronages of only six: Centrepoint, English National Ballet, Great Ormond Street Hospital, The Leprosy Mission, National AIDS Trust, and the Royal Marsden Hospital.[230] She continued her work with the British Red Cross Anti-Personnel Land Mines Campaign, but was no longer listed as patron.[231][232] In May 1997, Diana opened the Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts in Leicester, after being asked by her friend Richard Attenborough.[233] In June 1997 and at the suggestion of her son William, some of her dresses and suits were sold at Christie's auction houses in London and New York, and the proceeds that were earned from these events were donated to charities.[26] Her final official engagement was a visit to Northwick Park Hospital, London, on 21 July 1997.[26] Her 36th and final birthday celebration was held at Tate Gallery, which was also a commemorative event for the gallery's 100th anniversary.[26] She was scheduled to attend a fundraiser at the Osteopathic Centre for Children on 4 September 1997, upon her return from Paris.[234] HIV/AIDS Diana began her work with AIDS patients in the 1980s.[235] She was not averse to making physical contact with AIDS patients,[194] and was the first British royal to do so.[235] In 1987, she held hands with an AIDS patient in one of her early efforts to destigmatise the condition.[236][237] Diana noted: "HIV does not make people dangerous to know. You can shake their hands and give them a hug. Heaven knows they need it. What's more, you can share their homes, their workplaces, and their playgrounds and toys".[188] To Diana's disappointment, the Queen did not support this type of charity work, suggesting she get involved in "something more pleasant".[235] In July 1989, she opened Landmark Aids Centre in South London.[238][239] In October 1990, Diana opened Grandma's House, a home for young AIDS patients in Washington, DC.[240] She was also a patron of the National AIDS Trust and regularly visited London Lighthouse, which provided residential care for HIV patients (it has since merged with the Terrence Higgins Trust).[188][241] In 1991, she hugged one patient during a visit to the AIDS ward of the Middlesex Hospital,[188] which she had opened in 1987 as the first hospital unit dedicated to this cause in the UK.[236][242] As the patron of Turning Point, a health and social care organisation, Diana visited its project in London for people with HIV/AIDS in 1992.[243] She later established and led fundraising campaigns for AIDS research.[21] In March 1997, Diana visited South Africa, where she met with Nelson Mandela.[244][245] On 2 November 2002, Mandela announced that the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund would be teaming up with the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to help people with AIDS.[246] They had planned the combination of the two charities a few months before her death.[246] Mandela later praised Diana for her efforts surrounding the issue of HIV/AIDS: "When she stroked the limbs of someone with leprosy or sat on the bed of a man with HIV/AIDS and held his hand, she transformed public attitudes and improved the life chances of such people".[247] Diana had used her celebrity status to "fight stigma attached to people living with HIV/AIDS", Mandela said.[246] Landmines Chatting with Hillary Clinton in the Map Room following a landmines campaign fund-raiser, June 1997 Diana was patron of the HALO Trust, an organisation that removes debris—particularly landmines—left behind by war.[248][249] In January 1997, pictures of Diana touring an Angolan minefield in a ballistic helmet and flak jacket were seen worldwide.[248][249] During her campaign, she was accused of meddling in politics and called a "loose cannon" by Lord Howe, an official in the British Ministry of Defence.[250] Despite the criticism, HALO states that Diana's efforts resulted in raising international awareness about landmines and the subsequent sufferings caused by them.[248][249] In June 1997, she gave a speech at a landmines conference held at the Royal Geographical Society, and went to Washington, DC to support the American Red Cross's anti-landmine initiative.[26] From 7 to 10 August 1997, just days before her death, she visited Bosnia and Herzegovina with Jerry White and Ken Rutherford of the Landmine Survivors Network.[26][251][252][253] Her work on the landmines issue has been described as influential in the signing of the Ottawa Treaty, which created an international ban on the use of anti-personnel landmines.[254] Introducing the Second Reading of the Landmines Bill 1998 to the British House of Commons, the Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, paid tribute to Diana's work on landmines:     All Honourable Members will be aware from their postbags of the immense contribution made by Diana, Princess of Wales to bringing home to many of our constituents the human costs of landmines. The best way in which to record our appreciation of her work, and the work of NGOs that have campaigned against landmines, is to pass the Bill, and to pave the way towards a global ban on landmines.[255] A few months after Diana's death in 1997, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines won the Nobel Peace Prize.[256] Cancer For her first solo official trip, Diana visited The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, a cancer treatment hospital in London.[221] She later chose this charity to be among the organisations that benefited from the auction of her clothes in New York.[221] The trust's communications manager said she did "much to remove the stigma and taboo associated with diseases such as cancer, AIDS, HIV and leprosy".[221] Diana became president of the hospital on 27 June 1989.[257][258][259] The Wolfson Children's Cancer Unit was opened by Diana on 25 February 1993.[257] In February 1996, Diana, who had been informed about a newly opened cancer hospital built by Imran Khan, travelled to Pakistan to visit its children's cancer wards and attend a fundraising dinner in aid of the charity in Lahore.[260] She later visited the hospital again in May 1997.[261] In June 1996, she travelled to Chicago in her capacity as president of the Royal Marsden Hospital in order to attend a fundraising event at the Field Museum of Natural History and raised more than £1 million for cancer research.[188] She additionally visited patients at the Cook County Hospital and delivered remarks at a conference on breast cancer at the Northwestern University Chicago campus after meeting a group of breast cancer researchers.[262] In September 1996, after being asked by Katharine Graham, Diana went to Washington and appeared at a White House breakfast in respect of the Nina Hyde Center for Breast Cancer Research.[263] She also attended an annual fund-raiser for breast cancer research organised by The Washington Post at the same centre.[21][264] In 1988, Diana opened Children with Leukaemia (later renamed Children with Cancer UK) in memory of two young cancer victims.[265][266][267] In November 1987, a few days after the death of Jean O'Gorman from cancer, Diana met her family.[265][266] The deaths of Jean and her brother affected her and she assisted their family to establish the charity.[265][266][267] It was opened by her on 12 January 1988 at Mill Hill Secondary School, and she supported it until her death in 1997.[265][267] Other areas In November 1989, Diana visited a leprosy hospital in Indonesia.[268][235] Following her visit, she became patron of the Leprosy Mission, an organisation dedicated to providing medicine, treatment, and other support services to those who are afflicted with the disease. She remained the patron of this charity[230] and visited several of its hospitals around the world, especially in India, Nepal, Zimbabwe and Nigeria until her death in 1997.[188][269] She touched those affected by the disease when many people believed it could be contracted through casual contact.[188][268] "It has always been my concern to touch people with leprosy, trying to show in a simple action that they are not reviled, nor are we repulsed", she commented.[269] The Diana Princess of Wales Health Education and Media Centre in Noida, India, was opened in her honour in November 1999, funded by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to give social support to the people affected by leprosy and disability.[269] Diana was a long-standing and active supporter of Centrepoint, a charity which provides accommodation and support to homeless people, and became patron in 1992.[270][271] She supported organisations that battle poverty and homelessness, including the Passage.[272] Diana was a supporter of young homeless people and spoke out on behalf of them by saying that "they deserve a decent start in life".[273] "We, as a part of society, must ensure that young people—who are our future—are given the chance they deserve", she said.[273] Diana used to take young William and Harry for private visits to Centrepoint services and homeless shelters.[21][270][274] "The young people at Centrepoint were always really touched by her visits and by her genuine feelings for them", said one of the charity's staff members.[275] Prince William later became the patron of this charity.[270] Visiting the drug squad of the West Midlands Police in 1987 Diana was a staunch and longtime supporter of charities and organisations that focused on social and mental issues, including Relate and Turning Point.[188] Relate was relaunched in 1987 as a renewed version to its predecessor, the National Marriage Guidance Council. Diana became its patron in 1989.[188] Turning Point, a health and social care organisation, was founded in 1964 to help and support those affected by drug and alcohol misuse and mental health problems. She became the charity's patron in 1987 and visited the charity on a regular basis, meeting the sufferers at its centres or institutions including Rampton and Broadmoor.[188] In 1990 during a speech for Turning Point she said, "It takes professionalism to convince a doubting public that it should accept back into its midst many of those diagnosed as psychotics, neurotics and other sufferers who Victorian communities decided should be kept out of sight in the safety of mental institutions".[188] Despite the protocol problems of travelling to a Muslim country, she made a trip to Pakistan in 1991 in order to visit a rehabilitation centre in Lahore as a sign of "her commitment to working against drug abuse".[188] Privacy and legal issues In November 1980, the Sunday Mirror ran a story claiming that Charles had used the Royal Train twice for secret love rendezvous with Diana, prompting the palace to issue a statement, calling the story "a total fabrication" and demanding an apology.[276][277] The newspaper editors, however, insisted that the woman boarding the train was Diana and declined to apologise.[276] In February 1982, pictures of a pregnant Diana in bikini while holidaying were published in the media. The Queen subsequently released a statement and called it "the blackest day in the history of British journalism."[278] In 1993, Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) published photographs of Diana that were taken by gym owner Bryce Taylor. The photos showed her exercising in the gym LA Fitness wearing "a leotard and cycling shorts".[279][280] Diana lawyers immediately filed a criminal complaint that sought "a permanent ban on the sale and publication of the photographs" around the world.[279][280] However, some newspapers outside the UK published the pictures.[279] The courts granted an injunction against Taylor and MGN that prohibited "further publication of the pictures".[279] MGN later issued an apology after facing much criticism from the public and gave Diana £1 million as a payment for her legal costs, while donating £200,000 to her charities.[279] LA Fitness issued its own apology in June 1994, which was followed by Taylor apologising in February 1995 and giving up the £300,000 he had made from the sale of pictures in an out-of-court settlement about a week before the case was set to start.[279] It was alleged that a member of the royal family had helped him financially to settle out of court.[279] In 1994, pictures of Diana sunbathing topless at a Costa del Sol hotel were put up for sale by a Spanish photography agency for a price of £1 million.[281] In 1996, a set of pictures of a topless Diana while sunbathing appeared in the Mirror, which resulted in "a furor about invasion of privacy".[64] In the same year, she was the subject of a hoax call by Victor Lewis-Smith, who pretended to be Stephen Hawking, though the full recorded conversation was never released.[282] Also in 1996, Stuart Higgins of The Sun wrote a front-page story about an intimate video purporting to feature Diana with James Hewitt. The video turned out to be a hoax, forcing Higgins to issue an apology.[283][284] Death Main article: Death of Diana, Princess of Wales East entrance to the Pont de l'Alma tunnel On 31 August 1997, Diana died in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris while her driver was fleeing the paparazzi.[285] The crash also resulted in the deaths of her companion Dodi Fayed and their driver, Henri Paul, who was also the acting security manager of Hôtel Ritz Paris. Trevor Rees-Jones, who was employed as a bodyguard by Dodi's father,[286] survived the crash, suffering a serious head injury. The televised funeral, on 6 September, was watched by a British television audience that peaked at 32.1 million, which was one of the United Kingdom's highest viewing figures ever. Millions more watched the event around the world.[287][288] Tribute, funeral, and burial Main article: Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales Further information: Althorp § Diana grave, memorial, and exhibition Flowers outside Kensington Palace The sudden and unexpected death of an extraordinarily popular royal figure brought statements from senior figures worldwide and many tributes by members of the public.[289][290][291] People left flowers, candles, cards, and personal messages outside Kensington Palace for many months. Her coffin, draped with the royal flag, was brought to London from Paris by Charles and Diana's two sisters on 31 August 1997.[292][293] The coffin was taken to a private mortuary and then placed in the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.[292] Diana's coffin, draped in the royal standard with ermine border, borne through London to Westminster Abbey On 5 September, Queen Elizabeth II paid tribute to her in a live television broadcast.[26] Diana's funeral took place in Westminster Abbey on 6 September. Her sons walked in the funeral procession behind her coffin, along with the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, Diana's brother Lord Spencer, and representatives of some of her charities.[26] Lord Spencer said of his sister, "She proved in the last year that she needed no royal title to continue to generate her particular brand of magic."[294] Re-written in tribute to Diana, "Candle in the Wind 1997" was performed by Elton John at the funeral service (the only occasion the song has been performed live).[295] Released as a single in 1997, the global proceeds from the song have gone to Diana's charities.[295][296][297] Round Oval lake at Althorp with the Diana memorial beyond The burial took place privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads that she had received from Mother Teresa was placed in her hands. Diana's grave is on an island within the grounds of Althorp Park, the Spencer family home for centuries.[298] The burial party was provided by the 2nd Battalion The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment, who carried Diana's coffin across to the island and laid her to rest. Diana was the Regiment's Colonel-in-Chief from 1992 to 1996.[299] The original plan was for Diana to be buried in the Spencer family vault at the local church in nearby Great Brington, but Lord Spencer said he was concerned about public safety and security and the onslaught of visitors that might overwhelm Great Brington. He decided Diana would be buried where her grave could be easily cared for and visited in privacy by William, Harry, and other relatives.[300] Conspiracy theories, inquest and verdict Main article: Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales The initial French judicial investigation concluded that the crash was caused by Paul's intoxication, reckless driving, speeding, and effects of prescription drugs.[301] In February 1998, Mohamed Al-Fayed, father of Dodi Fayed, publicly said the crash, which killed his son, had been planned,[302] and accused MI6 and the Duke of Edinburgh.[303] An inquest, which started in London in 2004 and continued in 2007 and 2008,[304] attributed the crash to grossly negligent driving by Paul and to the pursuing paparazzi, who forced Paul to speed into the tunnel.[305] On 7 April 2008, the jury returned a verdict of "unlawful killing". On the day after the final verdict of the inquest, Al-Fayed announced that he would end his 10-year campaign to establish that the tragedy was murder; he said he did so for the sake of Diana's children.[306] Later events Finances Following her death, Diana left a £21 million estate, "netting £17 million after estate taxes", which were left in the hands of trustees, her mother, and her sister, Lady Sarah.[307][308] The will was signed in June 1993, but Diana had it modified in February 1996 to remove the name of her personal secretary from the list of trustees and have her sister replace him.[309] After applying personal and inheritance taxes, a net estate of £12.9 million was left to be distributed among the beneficiaries.[310] Her two sons subsequently inherited the majority of her estate. Each of them was left with £6.5 million which was invested and gathered substantial interest, and an estimated £10 million was given to each son upon turning 30 years old in 2012 and 2014 respectively.[311][312] Many of Diana's possessions were initially left in the care of her brother who put them on show in Althorp twice a year until they were returned to the princes.[311][307] They were also put on display in American museums and as of 2011 raised two million dollars for charities.[307] Among the objects were her dresses and suits along with numerous family paintings and jewels.[311] Diana's engagement ring and her yellow gold watch were given to William and Harry, respectively. William later passed the ring to his wife, Catherine Middleton. Her wedding dress was also given to her sons.[311][313][314] In addition to her will,[308] Diana had also written a letter of wishes in which she had asked for three-quarters of her personal property to be given to her sons, and dividing the remaining quarter (aside from the jewellery) among her 17 godchildren.[307] Despite Diana's wishes, the executors (her mother and sister) "petitioned the probate court for a "variance" of the will", and the letter of wishes was ignored "because it did not contain certain language required by British law".[307] Eventually, one item from Diana's estate was given to each of her godchildren, while they would have received £100,000 each, had a quarter of her estate been divided between them.[307] The variance also prevented the estate from being distributed between her sons at the age of 25 but postponed it until they were 30.[307][308] Diana also left her butler Paul Burrell around £50,000 in cash.[310][308] Subject of US government surveillance In 1999, after the submission of a Freedom of Information request by the Internet news service apbonline.com, it was revealed that Diana had been placed under surveillance by the National Security Agency until her death, and the organisation kept a top secret file on her containing more than 1,000 pages.[315][316] The contents of Diana's NSA file cannot be disclosed because of national security concerns.[315] The NSA officials insisted Diana was not a "target of [their] massive, worldwide electronic eavesdropping infrastructure."[315] Despite multiple inquiries for the files to be declassified—with one of the notable ones being filed by Mohamed Al-Fayed—the NSA has refused to release the documents.[316] In 2008, Ken Wharfe, a former bodyguard of Diana, claimed that her scandalous conversations with James Gilbey (commonly referred to as the Squidgygate) were in fact recorded by the GCHQ, which intentionally released them on a "loop".[317] People close to Diana believed the action was intended to defame her.[317] Wharfe said Diana herself believed that members of the royal family were all being monitored, though he also stated that the main reason for it could be the potential threats of the IRA.[317] Anniversaries, commemorations, and auctions On the first anniversary of Diana's death, people left flowers and bouquets outside the gates of Kensington Palace and a memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey.[318][319] The royal family and Tony Blair and his family went to Crathie Kirk for private prayers, while Diana's family held a private memorial service at Althorp.[320][321] All flags at Buckingham Palace and other royal residences were flown at half-mast on the Queen's orders.[322] The Union Jack was first lowered to half-mast on the day of Diana's funeral and has set a precedent, as based on the previous protocol no flag could ever fly at half-mast over the palace "even on the death of a monarch".[322] Since 1997, however, the Union Flag (but not the Royal Standard) has flown at half-mast upon the deaths of members of the royal family, and other times of national mourning.[323] Elton John performing at the Concert for Diana, 2007 The Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium was held on 1 July 2007. The event, organised by the princes William and Harry, celebrated the 46th anniversary of their mother's birth and occurred a few weeks before the 10th anniversary of her death on 31 August.[324][325] The proceeds from this event were donated to Diana's charities.[326] On 31 August 2007, a service of thanksgiving for Diana took place in the Guards' Chapel.[327] Among the 500 guests were members of the royal family and their relatives, members of the Spencer family, her godparents and godchildren, members of her wedding party, her close friends and aides, representatives from many of her charities, Gordon Brown, Tony Blair and John Major, and friends from the entertainment world such as David Frost, Elton John, and Cliff Richard.[213][328] In January 2017, a series of letters that Diana and other members of the royal family had written to a Buckingham Palace steward were sold as a part of a collection.[329][330] The six letters written by Diana raised £15,100.[329][330] Another collection of 40 letters written by Diana between 1990 and 1997 were sold for £67,900 at an auction in 2021.[331] In 2023, two of Diana's friends put 32 highly personal letters and cards written by her while she was going through her divorce up for auction, announcing that proceeds of the sale would be donated to charities associated with them or Diana.[332] "Diana: Her Fashion Story", an exhibition of gowns and suits worn by Diana, was announced to be opened at Kensington Palace in February 2017 as a tribute to mark her 20th death anniversary, with her favourite dresses created by numerous fashion designers being displayed until the next year.[333][334][335][336] Other tributes planned for the anniversary included exhibitions at Althorp hosted by Diana's brother, Earl Spencer,[337] a series of commemorating events organised by the Diana Award,[338] as well as restyling Kensington Gardens and creating a new section called "The White Garden".[333][334][339] Legacy Public image Wax statue of Diana at Madame Tussauds in London Diana remains one of the most popular members of the royal family throughout history, and she continues to influence the younger generations of royals.[340][341][342] She was a major presence on the world stage from her engagement to Charles until her death, and was often described as the "world's most photographed woman".[21][343] She was noted for her compassion, style, charisma, and high-profile charity work, as well as her ill-fated marriage.[344][210][345] Biographer Sarah Bradford commented, "The only cure for her suffering would have been the love of the Prince of Wales ... the way in which he consistently denigrated her reduced her to despair."[98] Despite all the marital issues and scandals, Diana continued to enjoy a high level of popularity in the polls while her husband was suffering from low levels of public approval.[21] Diana's former private secretary Patrick Jephson described her as an organised and hardworking person, and pointed out Charles was not able to "reconcile with his wife's extraordinary popularity",[346] a viewpoint supported by the biographer Tina Brown.[347] He also said she was a tough boss who was "equally quick to appreciate hard work" but could also be defiant "if she felt she had been the victim of injustice".[346] Diana's mother also defined her as a "loving" figure who could occasionally be "tempestuous".[161] She was often described as a devoted mother to her children,[21][348] who are believed to be influenced by her personality and way of life.[349] In the early years, Diana was often noted for her shy nature.[341][350] Journalist Michael White perceived her as being "smart", "shrewd and funny".[342] Those who communicated with her closely described her as a person who was led by "her heart".[21] In an article for The Guardian, Monica Ali believed that, despite being inexperienced and uneducated, Diana could handle the expectations of the royal family and overcome the difficulties and sufferings of her marital life. Ali also believed that she "had a lasting influence on the public discourse, particularly in matters of mental health" by discussing her eating disorder publicly.[210] According to Tina Brown, in her early years Diana possessed a "passive power", a quality that in her opinion she shared with the Queen Mother and a trait that would enable her to instinctively use her appeal to achieve her goals.[351] Diana was known for her encounters with sick and dying patients, and the poor and unwanted whom she used to comfort, an action that earned her more popularity.[352] Known for her easygoing attitude, she reportedly hated formality in her inner circle, asking "people not to jump up every time she enters the room".[353] Diana is often credited with widening the range of charity works carried out by the royal family in a more modern style.[210] Eugene Robinson of The Washington Post wrote in an article that "Diana imbued her role as royal princess with vitality, activism and, above all, glamour."[21] Alicia Carroll of The New York Times described Diana as "a breath of fresh air" who was the main reason the royal family was known in the United States.[354] In Anthony Holden's opinion, Diana was "visibly reborn" after her separation from Charles, a point in her life that was described by Holden as her "moment of triumph", which put her on an independent path to success.[201] Diana's sudden death brought an unprecedented spasm of grief and mourning,[355] and subsequently a crisis arose in the Royal Household.[356][357][358] Andrew Marr said that by her death she "revived the culture of public sentiment".[210] Her son William has stated that the outpouring of public grief after her death "changed the British psyche, for the better", while Alastair Campbell noted that it assisted in diminishing "the stiff upper lip approach".[359] In 1997 Diana was one of the runners-up for Time magazine's Person of the Year,[360] and in 2020 the magazine included Diana's name on its list of 100 Women of the Year. She was chosen as the Woman of the Year 1987 for her efforts in destigmatising the conditions surrounding HIV/AIDS patients.[361] In 2002 Diana ranked third on the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, above the Queen and other British monarchs.[362] Despite being regarded as an iconic figure and a popular member of the royal family, Diana was subject to criticism during her life.[341] She was criticised by philosophy professor Anthony O'Hear who in his notes argued that she was unable to fulfill her duties, her reckless behaviour was damaging the monarchy, and she was "self-indulgent" in her philanthropic efforts.[275] Following his remarks, charity organisations that were supported by Diana defended her, and Peter Luff called O'Hear's comments "distasteful and inappropriate".[275] Further criticism surfaced as she was accused of using her public profile to benefit herself,[119] which in return "demeaned her royal office".[341] Diana's unique type of charity work, which sometimes included physical contact with people affected by serious diseases, occasionally had a negative reaction in the media.[341] Diana's relationship with the press and the paparazzi has been described as "ambivalent". On different occasions she would complain about the way she was being treated by the media, mentioning that their constant presence in her proximity had made life impossible for her, whereas at other times she would seek their attention and hand information to reporters herself.[363][364] Writing for The Guardian, Peter Conrad suggested that it was Diana who let the journalists and paparazzi into her life as she knew they were the source of her power.[365] This view was supported by Christopher Hitchens, who believed that "in pursuit of a personal solution to an unhappy private life, she became an assiduous leaker to the press".[366] Tina Brown argued that Diana was in no way "a vulnerable victim of media manipulation", and she found it "offensive to present the canny, resourceful Diana as a woman of no agency".[64] Former News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman, who later hacked the phones of Diana's sons on several occasions, stated in a court in 2014 that in 1992 Diana sent a confidential directory which contained numbers of senior members of the royal household to their office to get back at Prince Charles.[367] Nevertheless, Diana also used the media's interest in her to shine light on her charitable efforts and patronages.[363] Sally Bedell Smith characterised Diana as unpredictable, egocentric, and possessive.[119] Smith also argued that in her desire to do charity works, Diana was "motivated by personal considerations, rather than by an ambitious urge to take on a societal problem".[119] Eugene Robinson, however, said that "[Diana] was serious about the causes she espoused".[21] According to Sarah Bradford, Diana looked down on the House of Windsor, whom she reportedly viewed "as jumped-up foreign princelings" and called them "the Germans".[365] Tony Blair characterised Diana as a manipulative person and "extraordinarily captivating".[342][356][368] In an article written for The Independent in 1998, journalist Yvonne Roberts observed the sudden change in people's opinion of Diana after her death from critical to complimentary, a viewpoint supported by Theodore Dalrymple, who also noticed the "sudden shift".[369] Roberts also added that Diana was neither "a saint" nor "a revolutionary" figure, but "may have encouraged some people" to tackle issues such as landmines, AIDS and leprosy.[370] While analysing the impact of Diana's death and her popularity from a gendered point of view, the British historian Ludmilla Jordanova said "no human being can survive the complex forces that impact upon charismatic women." Jordanova also observed that it is "Better to remember her by trying to decipher how emotions overshadow analysis and why women are the safeguards of humanitarian feelings."[345] The author Anne Applebaum believed that Diana had not had any impact on public opinions posthumously;[210] an idea supported by Jonathan Freedland of The Guardian who believed that Diana's memory and influence started to fade away in the years after her death,[371] while Peter Conrad, another Guardian contributor, argued that even in "a decade after her death, she is still not silent",[365] and Allan Massie of The Telegraph believed that Diana's sentiments "continue to shape our society".[372] Writing for The Guardian, Monica Ali described Diana as "fascinating and flawed. Her legacy might be mixed, but it's not insubstantial. Her life was brief, but she left her mark".[210] Fashion and style Main article: Fashion of Diana, Princess of Wales Wearing the Travolta dress, one of her most famous ensembles, in 1985 Diana was a fashion icon whose style was emulated by women around the world. In 2012, Time included Diana on its All-Time 100 Fashion Icons list.[373] Iain Hollingshead of The Telegraph wrote: "[Diana] had an ability to sell clothes just by looking at them."[374][375] An early example of the effect occurred during her courtship with Charles in 1980 when sales of Hunter Wellington boots skyrocketed after she was pictured wearing a pair on the Balmoral estate.[374][376] According to designers and people who worked with Diana, she used fashion and style to endorse her charitable causes, express herself and communicate.[377][378][379] Diana remains a prominent figure for her fashion style, impacting recent cultural and style trends.[380][381][333][382] The princess's fashion combined classically royal expectations with contemporary fashion trends in Britain.[383][384] While on diplomatic trips, her clothes and attire were chosen to match the destination countries' costumes, and while off-duty she used to wear loose jackets and jumpers.[381][385] "She was always very thoughtful about how her clothes would be interpreted, it was something that really mattered to her", according to Anna Harvey, a former British Vogue editor and Diana's fashion mentor.[381][386] Her fashion sense originally incorporated decorous and romantic elements, with pastel shades and lush gowns.[384][387][388] Elements of her fashion rapidly became trends.[381] She forwent certain traditions, such as wearing gloves during engagements, and sought to create a wardrobe that helped her to connect with the public.[379][385] According to Donatella Versace who worked closely with Diana alongside her brother, Diana's interest and sense of curiosity about fashion grew significantly after her marital separation.[377] Her style subsequently grew bolder and more businesslike, featuring structured skirt suits, sculptural gowns, and neutral tones designed to reflect attention toward her charity work.[380][389] Catherine Walker was among Diana's favourite designers[384] with whom she worked to create her "royal uniform".[390] Among her favoured designers were Versace, Armani, Chanel, Dior, Gucci and Clarks.[381][382][391] Her famous outfits include the "Black Sheep Sweater",[392][393] the "Revenge dress", which she wore after Charles's admission of adultery,[394] and the "Travolta dress".[381][390][384] Copies of Diana's British Vogue-featured pink chiffon blouse by David and Elizabeth Emanuel, which appeared in the magazine on her engagement announcement day, sold in the millions.[384] She appeared on three British Vogue covers during her lifetime and was featured on its October 1997 issue posthumously.[395] Diana did her own makeup for events, and was accompanied by a hairstylist for public appearances.[377] In the 1990s, she was frequently photographed clutching distinctive handbags manufactured by Gucci and Dior, which became known as the Gucci Diana and Lady Dior.[396][397] Following the opening of an exhibition of Diana's clothes and dresses at Kensington Palace in 2017, Catherine Bennett of The Guardian said such exhibitions are among the suitable ways to commemorate public figures whose fashion styles were noted due to their achievements. The exhibition suggests to detractors who, like many other princesses, "looking lovely in different clothes was pretty much her life's work" which also brings interest in her clothing.[398] Versace also pointed out that "[she doesn't] think that anyone, before or after her, has done for fashion what Diana did".[377] One of Diana's favourite milliners, John Boyd, said "Diana was our best ambassador for hats, and the entire millinery industry owes her a debt." Boyd's pink tricorn hat Diana wore for her honeymoon was later copied by milliners across the world and credited with rebooting an industry in decline for decades.[399][400] Memorials Memorial in Harrods Department Store to Diana and Fayed Tribute to Diana on 1998 Azerbaijan postage stamps Tributes left outside Kensington Palace for what would have been Diana's 60th birthday Permanent memorials to Diana include the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park, London;[401] the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens;[402] the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk, a circular path between Kensington Gardens, Green Park, Hyde Park, and St. James's Park;[403] the Diana Memorial Award, established in 1999 and later relaunched in 2007 by Gordon Brown;[404] the Statue of Diana, Princess of Wales, in the Sunken Garden of Kensington Palace;[405] and the Princess Diana Memorial in the garden of Schloss Cobenzl in Vienna, making it the first memorial dedicated to Diana in a German-speaking country.[406] The Flame of Liberty was erected in 1989 on the Place de l'Alma in Paris above the entrance to the tunnel in which the fatal crash later occurred. It became an unofficial memorial to Diana.[407][408] The Place de l'Alma was renamed Place Diana princesse de Galles in 2019.[409] Following her death, several countries issued postage stamps commemorating Diana, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Somalia, and Congo.[410][411][412] A bronze plaque was unveiled by Earl Spencer at Northampton Guildhall in 2002 as a memorial to his sister.[413] There were two memorials inside Harrods department store, commissioned by Dodi Fayed's father, who owned the store from 1985 to 2010. The first memorial was a pyramid-shaped display containing photos of the princess and al-Fayed's son, a wine glass said to be from their last dinner, and a ring purchased by Dodi the day prior to the crash. The second, Innocent Victims, unveiled in 2005, was a bronze statue of Fayed dancing with Diana on a beach beneath the wings of an albatross.[414] In January 2018, it was announced that the statue would be returned to the al-Fayed family.[415] Diana's granddaughters, Charlotte Elizabeth Diana (born 2015)[416][417] and Lilibet Diana (born 2021),[418] as well as her niece, Charlotte Diana Spencer (born 2012),[419] are named after her. In popular culture and art Before and after her death, Diana has been the subject of films and television series and depicted in contemporary art. The first biopics about Diana and Charles were Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story and The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana that were broadcast on American TV channels on 17 and 20 September 1981, respectively.[420] In December 1992, ABC aired Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After, a TV movie about marital discord between Diana and Charles.[421] Actresses who have portrayed Diana include Serena Scott Thomas (in Diana: Her True Story, 1993),[422] Julie Cox (in Princess in Love, 1996),[423] Amy Seccombe (in Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess, 1998),[424] Michelle Duncan (in Whatever Love Means, 2005),[425] Genevieve O'Reilly (in Diana: Last Days of a Princess, 2007),[426][427] Nathalie Brocker (in The Murder of Princess Diana, 2007),[428] Naomi Watts (in Diana, 2013),[429] Jeanna de Waal (in Diana: The Musical, 2019 & 2021),[430] Emma Corrin (2020) and Elizabeth Debicki (2022 & 2023) (in The Crown),[431][432] and Kristen Stewart (in Spencer, 2021).[433] In 2017, William and Harry commissioned two documentaries to mark the 20th anniversary of her death. The first of the two, Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy, was broadcast on ITV and HBO on 24 July 2017.[434][435] This film focuses on Diana's legacy and humanitarian efforts for causes such as AIDS, landmines, homelessness and cancer. The second documentary, Diana, 7 Days, aired on 27 August on BBC and focused on Diana's death and the subsequent outpouring of grief.[436] Titles, styles, honours and arms Titles and styles Royal monogram Diana was born with the style of "The Honourable Diana Frances Spencer". When her father inherited the Earldom of Spencer in 1975, she became entitled to the style of "Lady Diana Spencer".[437] During her marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales, Diana was styled as "Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales". She additionally bore the titles Duchess of Rothesay,[438] Duchess of Cornwall,[438] Countess of Chester,[439][440] and Baroness of Renfrew.[438] After her divorce from Charles in 1996 and until her death, she was known as "Diana, Princess of Wales", without the style of "Her Royal Highness".[437] Though popularly referred to as "Princess Diana", that style is incorrect and one she never held officially.[b] She is still sometimes referred to in the media as "Lady Diana Spencer" or colloquially as "Lady Di". In a speech after her death, Tony Blair referred to Diana as "the People's Princess".[442] Discussions were also held with the Spencer family and the British royal family as to whether Diana's HRH style needed to be restored posthumously, but Diana's family decided that it would be against her wishes and, thus, no formal offer was made.[443] Honours See also: List of honours of the British royal family by country Orders     1981: Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II[444][445] Foreign honours     1982: Supreme Class of the Order of the Virtues (or Order of al-Kamal)[176]     18 November 1982: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, bestowed by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands[176] Appointments     1988: Royal Bencher of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple[446] Fellowships     1988: The Royal College of Surgeons of England, Honorary Fellow in Dental Surgery[447] Freedom of the City     29 October 1981: Cardiff[448][449]     29 January 1986: Carlisle[450]     1987: London[224]     8 June 1989: Northampton Borough[413][451][452]     16 October 1992: Portsmouth[453] Honorary military appointments As Princess of Wales, Diana held the following military appointments: Australia     Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Survey Corps[454] Canada     Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales' Own Regiment[188] (17 August 1985 to 16 July 1996)[455]     Colonel-in-Chief of the West Nova Scotia Regiment United Kingdom     Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment[299]     Colonel-in-Chief of the Light Dragoons[299]     Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Hampshire Regiment[188]     Colonel-in-Chief of the 13th/18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own)[188]     Honorary Air Commodore, RAF Wittering[456]     Lady Sponsor of HMS Cornwall (F99)[457]     Lady Sponsor of HMS Vanguard (S28)[458][459] She relinquished these appointments following her divorce.[26][127] Other appointments     15 November 1984: Lady Sponsor of Royal Princess[460] Arms Coat of arms of Diana, Princess of Wales      Notes     During her marriage, Diana used the arms of the Prince of Wales impaled (side by side) with those of her father. This version of her arms was imprinted on the order of service for her funeral.[461] Adopted     1981 Coronet     Coronet of the heir apparent Escutcheon     The Royal Arms differenced by a label of three points argent overall an inescutcheon quarterly gules and or, four lions passant guardant counterchanged (for the Principality of Wales / Llywelyn the Great ensigned by the coronet of [Prince Charles's] degree);[462] impaled with quarterly argent and gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret or over all on a bend sable three escallops of the first [argent][463] Supporters     Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or crowned with the coronet of the Prince of Wales Proper, sinister a griffin Ermine winged Erminois unguled and gorged with a coronet composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lis a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back of the First. Motto     DIEU DEFEND LE DROIT     (Anglo-Norman: God defends the right) Symbolism     The Spencers were granted a coat of arms in 1504 (Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent), which bears no resemblance to that used by the family after c. 1595, which was derived from the Despencer arms. Writer J. H. Round argued that the Despencer descent was fabricated by Richard Lee, a corrupt Clarenceux King of Arms.[464] Previous versions     Diana's coat of arms before her marriage was the Spencer coat of arms depicted on a lozenge. It included three escallops argent of the Spencer coat of arms. This version was used only before her marriage and was also applied by her sisters. Other versions     After her divorce, Diana had resumed her paternal arms with the addition of a royal coronet and two griffin supporters, each gorged with a royal coronet.[463] Descendants Name     Birth     Marriage     Issue Date     Spouse William, Prince of Wales     21 June 1982     29 April 2011     Catherine Middleton          Prince George of Wales     Princess Charlotte of Wales     Prince Louis of Wales Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex     15 September 1984     19 May 2018     Meghan Markle          Prince Archie of Sussex     Princess Lilibet of Sussex Ancestry Diana was born into the British Spencer family, different branches of which hold the titles of Duke of Marlborough, Earl Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, and Baron Churchill.[465][466] The Spencers claimed descent from a cadet branch of the powerful medieval Despenser family, but its validity is questioned.[467] Her great-grandmother was Margaret Baring, a member of the German-British Baring family of bankers and the daughter of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke.[468][469] Diana's distant noble ancestors included the first Duke and Duchess of Marlborough.[470] Diana and Charles were distantly related, as they were both descended from the House of Tudor through Henry VII of England.[471] She was also descended from the House of Stuart through Charles II of England by Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, and Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and his brother James II of England by Henrietta FitzJames.[21][472] Other noble ancestors include Margaret Kerdeston, granddaughter of Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk; Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England; and Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, a descendant of Edward III of England through his son Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.[473][474][475] Diana's Scottish roots came from her maternal grandmother, Lady Fermoy.[473] Among her Scottish ancestors were Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, and his wife Jane, and Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll.[473] Diana's American lineage came from her great-grandmother Frances Ellen Work, daughter of wealthy American stockbroker Franklin H. Work from Ohio, who was married to her great-grandfather James Roche, 3rd Baron Fermoy, an Irish peer.[473][476] Diana's fourth great-grandmother in her direct maternal line, Eliza Kewark, was matrilineally of Indian descent.[477][478][479][480][481] She is variously described in contemporary documents as "a dark-skinned native woman" and "an Armenian woman from Bombay".[482][483] Ancestors of Diana, Princess of Wales[482][483] Notes Her patronages also included Landmine Survivors Network,[213] Help the Aged,[213][211] the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery,[213][211] the British Lung Foundation,[213][211] Eureka! (joint patron with Prince Charles),[213][211] the National Children's Orchestra,[213][211][188] British Red Cross Youth,[220][211] the Guinness Trust,[211] Meningitis Trust,[211][188] the Malcolm Sargent Cancer Fund for Children,[211][188] the Royal School for the Blind,[211][188] Welsh National Opera,[211][188] the Variety Club of New Zealand,[221][211] Birthright,[211][222] the British Deaf Association (for which she learned sign language),[220][211][223] All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club,[211] Anglo-European College of Chiropractic,[211] Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland,[211] Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital,[211] British Sports Association for the Disabled,[211] British Youth Opera,[211] Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,[211] London City Ballet,[211] London Symphony Orchestra,[211] and Pre-School Playgroups Association.[211][188]     With rare exceptions (such as Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, who was given permission by Queen Elizabeth II), only princesses by birth (such as Princess Anne) use the title "Princess" before their given names.[441] References "Diana's Legacy: A Reshaped Monarchy, a More Emotional U.K." The New York Times. 30 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Morton 1997, pp. 70–71. Morton 1997, p. 70. Brown 2007, pp. 32–33. Bradford 2006, p. 2. Morton 1997, p. 71. Barcelona, Ainhoa (3 September 2018). "Princess Diana's sweet childhood nickname revealed in resurfaced letter – see photo". Hello!. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Chua-Eoan, Howard (16 August 2007). "The Saddest Fairy Tale". Time. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017. "she died, suddenly, the day after the 36th anniversary of her christening" Brown 2007, pp. 37–38. Brown 2007, p. 37. Brown 2007, p. 41. "The Royal Newlyweds; She Charms with an Easy Grace". The New York Times. 30 July 1981. Bradford 2006, pp. 2, 20. Brown 2007, p. 42. Bradford 2006, pp. 40, 42. Brown 2007, pp. 40–41. Bradford 2006, p. 34. "Diana 'I thought of running off with lover'". The Telegraph. 7 December 2004. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018. Morton, Andrew (2017). Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words: The Sunday Times Number-One Bestseller. Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1782436935. Retrieved 25 April 2018. Bradford 2006, p. 29. "International Special Report: Princess Diana, 1961–1997". The Washington Post. 30 January 1999. Archived from the original on 19 August 2000. Retrieved 13 October 2008. Bradford 2006, pp. 21–22. Bradford 2006, p. 23. "The Life of Diana, Princess of Wales: Childhood And Teenage Years". BBC News. Retrieved 16 October 2023. Deedes, W. F. (25 August 2007). "Princess Diana: An injured angel". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2023. "Diana, Princess of Wales". The Royal Family. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017. Bradford 2006, p. 35. Bradford 2006, pp. 40–41. Brown 2007, p. 55. "Major Jeremy Whitaker, eccentric soldier who served as ADC in Nigeria and Malaysia before establishing himself as an in-demand photographer – obituary". The Telegraph. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2022. "Childhood and teenage years". The British Monarchy. The Crown. Archived from the original on 2 March 2000. Retrieved 15 July 2019. Bradford 2006, pp. 41, 44. Brown 2007, p. 68. Morton 1997, p. 103. Bradford 2006, p. 45. Bradford 2006, p. 46. Morton 1997, p. 118. Bradford 2006, p. 40. Glass, Robert (24 July 1981). "Descendant of 4 Kings Charms Her Prince". Daily Times. London. Retrieved 24 April 2016. Taylor, Elise (9 November 2022). "A Timeline of Prince Charles and Princess Diana's Tumultuous, Tragic Relationship". Vogue. Retrieved 30 December 2022. "Royal weekend fuels rumours". The Age. London. 17 November 1980. Retrieved 22 July 2013. Dimbleby 1994, p. 279. "It was love at first sight between British people and Lady Diana". The Leader Post. London. AP. 15 July 1981. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Dockterman, Eliana; Haynes, Suyin (15 November 2020). "The True Story Behind The Crown's Prince Charles, Princess Diana and Camilla Parker Bowles Love Triangle". Time. Retrieved 17 November 2020. "1981: Charles and Diana marry". BBC News. 29 July 1981. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008. Frum, David (2000). How We Got bare: The '70s. New York: Basic Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-46-504195-4. Denney, Colleen (2005). Representing Diana, Princess of Wales: cultural memory and fairy tales revisited. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8386-4023-4. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2011. Field, Leslie (2002). The Queen's Jewels: The Personal Collection of Elizabeth II. London: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 113–115. ISBN 978-0-81-098172-0. Lucy Clarke-Billings (9 December 2015). "Duchess of Cambridge wears Princess Diana's favourite tiara to diplomatic reception at Buckingham Palace". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015. "Mailbox". The Royal Family. April 2006. p. 3. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Vickers, Hugo (1994). Royal Orders. Boxtree. p. 147. ISBN 9781852835101. Brown 2007, p. 195. "Obituary: Sir George Pinker". The Telegraph. London. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012. "US TV airs Princess Diana tapes". BBC News. 5 March 2004. Retrieved 23 April 2018. "1982: Princess Diana gives birth to boy". BBC News. Retrieved 17 May 2018. Petit, Stephanie (18 April 2019). "Princess Diana Revealed Postpartum Depression 'Hit Hard' After William's Birth: 'I Was Troubled'". People. Retrieved 19 November 2020. Morton 1997, pp. 142–143. Morton 1997, p. 147. "Hewitt denies Prince Harry link". BBC News. 21 September 2002. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2016. Petit, Stephanie (17 April 2019). "Princess Diana Recalled Pressure of Giving Birth — and Said Prince Charles Wished Harry Was a Girl". People. Retrieved 21 March 2022. "Prince William Biography". People. Archived from the original on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2008. "Prince Harry". People. Archived from the original on 29 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2008. Morton 1997, p. 184. Brown, Tina (5 April 2022). "How Princess Diana's Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 6 April 2022. Brown 2007, p. 174. Holder, Margaret (24 August 2011). "Who Does Prince Harry Look Like? James Hewitt Myth Debunked". The Morton Report. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Tuohy, William (3 November 1987). "Rumors of Royal Split Trail Charles and Diana to Bonn". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Quest, Richard (3 June 2002). "Royals, part 3: Troubled Times". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2012. Mercer, David (5 May 2023). "The King: From school bullies to Diana tragedy - the events that shaped Charles". Sky News. Retrieved 24 October 2023. "Diana tells of Camilla encounter". BBC News. 12 March 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2018. "Diana tapes reveal Camilla confrontation". The Telegraph. 12 March 2004. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2018. "Interview: Andrew Morton: He couldn't shout: 'Diana was in on this.' 'She trusted me. It would have been a betrayal'". The Independent. 1 December 1997. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. "Princess Di breaks down after making appearance". Eugene Register Guard. 12 June 1992. Retrieved 14 August 2013. Sabur, Rozina (10 June 2017). "Princess Diana secretly recorded herself describing despair at the state of her marriage to Prince Charles, biographer reveals". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2018. "The story behind Princess Diana's secret tapes". NBC News. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 19 November 2020. "The Princess and the Press: The Andrew Morton book controversy". PBS. Retrieved 1 September 2022. Brandreth 2004, pp. 348–349. Brandreth 2004, pp. 349–351. Brandreth 2004, pp. 351–353. Rayner, Gordon (16 January 2008). "Diana 'planned secret wedding to Hasnat Khan'". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2008. Allen, Nick (11 January 2008). "Prince Philip sent 'nasty, cruel' letters to Diana". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2017. "Philip 'sent Diana cruel letters'". BBC News. 10 January 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2020. Alderson, Andrew (14 October 2007). "Diana and Prince Philip: the truth". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. "Philip Denies Calling Diana Vulgar Names". The New York Times. 25 November 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2020. "Princess Diana's 'admirer' named by Press". New Straits Times. London. 27 August 1992. Retrieved 14 August 2013. Brown 2007, pp. 304, 309. Brandreth, Gyles (2007). Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair. Random House. pp. 257–264. ISBN 978-0-09-949087-6. Dimbleby 1994, p. 489. John Major, Prime Minister (9 December 1992). "Prince And Princess Of Wales". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 215. Parliament of the United Kingdom: House of Commons. col. 845. "Diana tapes filmed by voice coach to air on Channel 4 documentary". The Guardian. 24 July 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017. "Diana 'wanted to live with guard'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. Langley, William (12 December 2004). "The Mannakee file". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. Lawson, Mark (7 August 2017). "Diana: In Her Own Words – admirers have nothing to fear from the Channel 4 tapes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017. Milmo, Cahal (8 December 2004). "Conspiracy theorists feast on inquiry into death of Diana's minder". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017. "New Book Casts Shadow Over Diana". CBS News. 26 October 1998. Retrieved 7 March 2018. Curry, Ann (6 December 2004). "Princess Diana tapes: Part 2". NBC News. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018. Anderson, Kevin (5 March 2004). "Diana tapes captivate America". BBC News. Retrieved 3 August 2018. Bradford 2006, p. 189. Rosalind Ryan (7 January 2008). "Diana affair over before crash, inquest told". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 October 2008. Rayner, Gordon (20 December 2007). "Princess Diana letter: 'Charles plans to kill me'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2017. "Tiggy Legge-Bourke". The Guardian. 12 October 1999. Retrieved 7 January 2017. "The Princess and the Press". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. "Timeline: Charles and Camilla's romance". BBC News. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. Dimbleby 1994, p. 395. Moseley, Ray (24 August 1994). "British Press Advising Princess Di To Get A Life". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2018. Green, Michelle (5 September 1994). "A Princess in Peril". People. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2018. "Oliver Hoare obituary". The Times. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018. Boggan, Steve (26 November 1995). "Schoolboy with a grudge was Oliver Hoare telephone pest". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2018. "Princess Diana's secret life". NBC News. 8 December 2003. Archived from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2018. "Sweep It Under the Rugger". People. 25 March 1996. Retrieved 13 March 2018. Leung, Rebecca (20 April 2004). "Diana's Secret Love". CBS News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018. Fromson, Brett (4 June 1995). "Dealmaker of the Decade". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2018. Childs, Martin (26 November 2011). "Teddy Forstmann: Pioneer of the leveraged buy-out". The Independent. Retrieved 14 March 2018. Ellam, Dennis (26 September 2014). "Will Carling: My Life as the Cad: I used to be so arrogant. I thought". Sunday Mirror. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2018. Brewerton, David (22 November 2011). "Teddy Forstmann obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2018. "The Panorama Interview with the Princess of Wales". BBC News. 20 November 1995. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2010. "1995: Diana admits adultery in TV interview". BBC News. Retrieved 1 August 2018. Cohen, David (2005). Diana: Death of a Goddess. Random House. p. 18. ISBN 9780099471349. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2016. "Jonathan Dimbleby and ... Penny Junor ... said that there were several people who had mentioned Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatrists had provided learned opinions that sadly (Diana) had suffered form Borderline Personality Disorder as well as eating disorders" Kermode, Frank (22 August 1999). "Shrinking the Princess". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017. Urwin, Rosamund (1 November 2020). "BBC says sorry to Diana's brother Earl Spencer for interview 'deceit'". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 7 November 2020. "Spencer is understood to have told Davie that he has records of all his meetings and conversations with Bashir. These are alleged to show that Bashir told Diana fantastical stories to win her trust and that he used the fake bank statements to garner his first meeting with her." (subscription required) Taylor, Elise (11 November 2022). "The Dark True Story Behind Princess Diana's Explosive BBC Interview". Vogue. Retrieved 31 March 2023. Romo, Vanessa (20 May 2021). "Princes William And Harry Say BBC Interview Led To Princess Diana's Divorce And Death". NPR. Retrieved 31 March 2023. Montalbano, D. (21 December 1995). "Queen Orders Charles, Diana to Divorce". Los Angeles Times. London. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013. "Charles and Diana to divorce". Associated Press. 21 December 1995. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2013. "'Divorce': Queen to Charles and Diana". BBC News. 20 December 1995. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 2 November 2010. "Princess Diana agrees to divorce". The Gadsden Times. London. AP. 28 February 1996. Retrieved 23 July 2013. Lyall, Sarah (13 July 1996). "Charles and Diana Agree on Divorce Terms". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016. "Special: Princess Diana, 1961–1997". Time. 12 February 1996. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2016. "Diana 'wept as she read brother's cruel words'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2015. Jephson, P.D. (2001). Shadows of a Princess: An Intimate Account by Her Private Secretary. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-38-082046-7. Retrieved 2 November 2010. "extract published in The Sunday Times newspaper on 24 September 2000" "Dark side of Diana described by ex-aide". The Guardian. 24 September 2000. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. Mendick, Robert (17 September 2021). "BBC to pay Tiggy Legge-Bourke 'significant' damages over Martin Bashir smears". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021. "Text of Charles and Diana's divorce decree". CNN. 28 August 1996. Archived from the original on 6 March 2005. Retrieved 11 December 2020. "Timeline: Diana, Princess of Wales". BBC News. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008. Grove, Jack (27 March 2013). "Tribunal slams academic for bringing anti-Semitism case". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 16 March 2020. Neville, Sarah (13 July 1996). "Charles and Diana Agree to Terms of Divorce". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 November 2022. Bradford 2006, p. 306. "Divorce: Status And Role of The Princess of Wales" (Press release). Buckingham Palace. 12 July 1996. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2016 – via PR Newswire. Pearson, Allison (23 April 2011). "Royal wedding: Diana's ghost will be everywhere on Prince William's big day". The Telegraph. UK. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Brown 2007, p. 392. "Royal Split". The Deseret News. London. AP. 28 February 1996. Retrieved 23 July 2013. "'Deprived Diana of a Home': Princess Diana's brother Charles Spencer's legal victory". The New Zealand Herald. 29 July 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2023. "'Took him to the cleaners': Prince Charles' strict demand in Princess Diana divorce". The New Zealand Herald. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2021. Radnofsky, Louise (17 January 2008). "We could have saved Diana, former Met chief tells inquest". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2021. Erlandson, Robert A. (3 September 1997). "Princess' death was avoidable, expert says Diana should have let Scotland Yard guard her, security consultant says". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 4 May 2021. "Diana Was Set to Become Blair's Ambassador for Britain". BBC News. Retrieved 27 November 2020. Hallemann, Caroline (22 January 2018). "Here's what Gianni Versace's funeral was really like". Town & Country. Retrieved 28 August 2020. Hills, Megan C. (15 July 2020). "Princess Diana's celebrity friendship circle, from Sir Elton John to Grace Kelly". The Standard. Retrieved 6 February 2023. Ansari, Massoud; Alderson, Andrew (16 January 2008). "Dr Hasnat Khan: Princess Diana and me". Sunday Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Alderson, Andrew (13 August 2000). "Imran Khan: I was Diana's go-between". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Rayner, Gordon (17 December 2007). "Diana: 'I need Dodi marriage like a rash'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2018. "Princess Diana's 'Mr Wonderful' Hasnat Khan Still Haunted by her Death". Sky News. 13 January 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. Truscott, Claire (14 January 2008). "Background to Dr Hasnat Khan and Diana, Princess of Wales". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013. Khoshaba, Christy (31 July 2013). "Princess Diana: Mag details 'secret romance' with Pakistani doctor". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013. "Princess Diana's ex-lover Hasnat Khan to give evidence". Herald Sun. Victoria, Australia. 9 January 2008. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2008. "Imran and Jemima Khan Welcomed Princess Diana In Pakistan". Huffington Post. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2013. "Princess Diana was 'madly in love' with heart surgeon Hasnat Khan". The Telegraph. 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015. "The doctor and Diana". The Guardian. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015. "Hasnat Khan Tells Diana Inquest They Enjoyed "Normal" Sex Life, Says She Ended Affair". Huffington Post. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2013. Farouky, Jumana (14 January 2008). "Diana's Butler Tells Some Secrets". Time. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2017. Milmo, Cahal (25 October 2002). "Diana did not talk to me in final months, admits her mother". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016. "Diana's 'rift' with mother". BBC News. 24 October 2002. Retrieved 29 May 2018. Davies, Caroline (21 October 2016). "Countess Raine Spencer, stepmother of Princess Diana, dies aged 87". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018. Jones, Tony (21 October 2016). "Raine Spencer dead: Princess Diana's step-mother dies age 87". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018. "The Life of Diana, Princess of Wales 1961–1997: Separation And Divorce". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2015. "Dodi 'ignored' protect Diana advice". Metro (UK). 18 December 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014. Dominick Dunne (19 May 2010). "Two Ladies, Two Yachts, and a Billionaire". Vanity Fair. New York. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013. Majendie, Paul (20 December 2007). "Princess Diana planned move abroad, court told". Reuters. Retrieved 1 September 2022. "Butler: Diana Planned Move to Malibu". ABC News. 29 October 2003. Retrieved 1 September 2022. "Princess Diana Dreamed in Living in California Like Harry and Meghan". Marie Claire. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2022. "Royal engagement photos through the years as Harry and Meghan's glamorous pictures prove they are Hollywood through and through". The Telegraph. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018. Weaver, Hilary (15 June 2017). "Princess Diana Detailed Her Memorable Meetings with Grace Kelly and Elizabeth Taylor". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. "The newlyweds tour of Wales and the moment the nation fell in love with Diana". ITV News. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2018. "Statement regarding the State Opening of Parliament in May 2013". The British Monarchy. 1 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "The celebrities who have turned on the Christmas lights on Regent Street". The Telegraph. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017. Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Vol. III (107th ed.). Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage and Gentry LLC. p. 3696. ISBN 978-0-97-119662-9. Evans, Elinor (15 November 2020). "The Crown S4 E6 real history: Charles and Diana's 1983 royal tour of Australia & the start of 'Dianamania'". BBC History. Retrieved 16 November 2020. Barr, Sabrina (23 January 2020). "Photographer recalls capturing Diana bursting into tears during royal tour: 'It was the first sign something was wrong'". The Independent. Retrieved 1 September 2022. "Royal Tours of Canada". Canadian Crown. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2016. "Who are the 'tartan terrorists'?". BBC News. 2 March 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2020. "Pope John Paul II in pictures". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Sullivan, Jane (2 November 1985). "Australia succumbs to Diana mania". The Age. Retrieved 24 November 2020. Paddock, Richard C. (7 May 1986). "Diana Faints at Expo". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 March 2018. Paddock, Richard C. (7 May 1986). "Princess Diana Faints on Visit to California Expo Pavilion". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018. "The burqa Princess Diana packed for her first tour of the Arabian Gulf". The National. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019. Holden, Anthony; Lamanna, Dean (1 February 1989). "Charles and Diana: portrait of a marriage". Ladies Home Journal. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012. "The Crown: Inside Princess Diana's Night at the Opera During Her Historic 1989 Visit to N.Y.C." People. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020. "Diana, Princess of Wales". The Telegraph. 31 August 1997. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016. "Elizabeth Blunt Remembers Diana". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Prince Charles, Princess Diana visit Hungary". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2012. "Distinguished guests from overseas such as State Guests, official guests (1989–1998)". The Imperial Household Agency. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012. "Royal Visits, Part I". Queen's University Archives. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Prince Charles, Princess Diana leave Brazil after issue-oriented visit". Deseret News. 28 April 1991. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "Diana, Princess of Wales was a global humanitarian figure who dedicated her life to helping improve the lives of disadvantaged people". The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Princess Diana: A photo album (slide 25)". CBS News. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Hunt, Peter (16 April 2016). "Diana Taj Mahal photo captured disintegrating marriage". BBC News. Retrieved 9 December 2020. Ross, Ashley (8 April 2016). "The History That Lurks Behind Prince William and Kate Middleton's Taj Mahal Visit". Time. Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Rayner, Gordon (16 April 2016). "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge pay loving tribute to Diana on visit to India's Taj Mahal". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018. "Look back at the Royal family's most stylish summer outfits". The Telegraph. 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022. "In photos: Hosni Mubarak". CNN. 25 February 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2022. Holden, Anthony (February 1993). "Diana's Revenge". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2 December 2020. "Princess Diana Heads Home After Nepal Visit". AP News. 6 March 1993. Retrieved 5 March 2022. Shultz, Cara Lynn; Pearl, Diana (23 June 2011). "Princess Diana and the Causes Close to Her Heart (slide 15)". People. Retrieved 4 March 2018. "Princess Diana visits the British Pavilion". British Council – British Pavilion in Venice. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "Diana, Princess of Wales". British Monarchist Society and Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017. "Diana Visits Argentina as 'Ambassador'". Los Angeles Times. 24 November 1995. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2012. MacLeod, Alexander (28 June 1983). "The Princess of Wales: life as a star". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015. "The Royal Watch". Philadelphia Daily News. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014. "Royal Watch". People. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014. Ali, Monica (30 March 2011). "Royal rebel: the legacy of Diana". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. "Diana's groups of charities". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017. Rayner, Gordon (21 April 2013). "Duchess of Cambridge walks in Diana's footsteps by becoming Patron of Natural History Museum". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013. "Diana memorial service in detail". The Telegraph. 31 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Uncut Footage of Princess Diana Visiting RADA (1989). ITN Archive. 17 November 1989. Retrieved 27 September 2023 – via YouTube. "Barnardo's and royalty". Barnardo's. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Furness, Hannah (12 April 2013). "Prince Harry to follow in his mother's footsteps in support of Headway charity". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "About the Chester Childbirth Appeal". Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016. Durand, Carolyn (15 October 2015). "Prince William Gives Moving Tribute Speech About Princess Diana at Charity Event". ABC News. Retrieved 30 May 2018. Kim, Eun Kyung (16 October 2015). "Prince William pays tribute to mother during charity event for grieving families". NBC Today. Retrieved 30 May 2018. "Princess Diana observes 32nd birthday". Star-News. 1 July 1993. Retrieved 24 April 2016. "Diana's Charities". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015. "Our History". Wellbeing of Women. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015. "NAMES IN THE NEWS : Princess Di Uses Sign Language". Los Angeles Times. 10 August 1990. Retrieved 15 November 2018. "The Honorary Freedom". City of London. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018. "Spurns Lunch Wine : 'I'm Not an Alcoholic'--Princess Di". Los Angeles Times. 23 July 1987. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2018 – via United Press International. "she turned down the vintage wine offered at the luncheon welcoming her as a 'freeman' of the City of London ... the ancient ritual giving Diana the right to drive sheep across London Bridge, to be hanged with a rope made of silk rather than hemp and a guaranteed place in a poorhouse should the need arise." "Harry honours his mother's legacy on the anniversary of her death". Hello!. 31 August 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2016. Clayton, Tim (2001). Diana: Story of a Princess. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-43911-803-0. "Diana receives Humanitarian Award". The Standard. 13 December 1995. Retrieved 24 April 2016. "Diana appeals for the elderly after dropping their charity". The Herald Scotland. 14 October 1996. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016. Charities devastated after Diana quits as patron Archived 2 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 17 July 1996. (Retrieved 5 September 2011.) "Diana Memorial Charity Fund Set Up". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017. Pieler, George (Winter 1998). "The philanthropic legacy of Princess Diana". Philanthropy. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Diana, Princess of Wales, to open Richard Attenborough Centre" (PDF). University of Leicester. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2016. "Toddler Stands In For Diana". BBC News. 4 September 1997. Retrieved 17 April 2021. Allen, Nick; Rayner, Gordon (10 January 2008). "Queen 'was against' Diana's Aids work". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "How Princess Diana changed attitudes to Aids". BBC News. 5 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. "Diana: The Legacy". Huffington Post. 31 August 2012. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016. "HIV/Aids: a timeline of the disease and its mutations". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015. "1989: Diana opens Landmark Aids Centre". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016. "Princess Diana's charity work and causes (image 8)". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Green, Ian (31 August 2022). "Princess Diana's secret visits to our centre show just how deeply she cared for people living with HIV". i. Retrieved 30 September 2022. "Prince Harry calls for regular HIV and Aids testing". BBC News. 13 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017. "Princess Diana's charity work and causes (image 13)". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2016. "Diana 'Thrilled' To Meet Mandela In South Africa". Sun-Sentinel. 18 March 1997. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Holt, William (18 July 2013). "Prince Harry posts photo of mother and Nelson Mandela". Yahoo. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Mandela and Diana charities join forces". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2016. "Mandela tells world to learn from Diana". The Telegraph. 3 November 2002. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016. "Prince Harry becomes patron of the HALO Trust's 25th Anniversary Appeal". The HALO Trust. 6 March 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Prince Harry continues Diana's charitywork in Africa". Today. 12 August 2013. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. "Princess Diana sparks landmines row". BBC News. 15 January 1997. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "Diana Meets Landmine Victim in Bosnia". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 December 2004. Retrieved 10 April 2015. "Diana takes anti-land mine crusade to Bosnia". CNN. 8 August 1997. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013. "Diana refuels rumours of a Fayed romance". New Straits Times. 9 August 1997. Retrieved 16 October 2016. Maslen, Stuart; Herby, Peter (31 December 1998). "The background to the Ottawa process". International Review of the Red Cross (325): 693–713. doi:10.1017/S0020860400091579. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2016. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 10 July 1998 (pt 1)". British Parliament. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "The 1997 Nobel Prizes". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010. "President of The Royal Marsden". The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "Our President". The Royal Marsden. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "Prince William becomes President of the Royal Marsden Hospital". Official website of the Prince of Wales. 4 May 2007. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. McGirk, Tim (22 February 1996). "Diana flies in to battle royal in Pakistan". The Independent. Retrieved 3 March 2018. "Princess Diana: A photo album (slide 40)". CBS News. 15 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Rowley, Storer (17 May 2018). "Princess Diana's visit to Northwestern remembered on eve of royal wedding". Northwestern Now. Retrieved 4 March 2021. "Diana Photo Gallery (13)". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017. "Diana Photo Gallery (15)". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017. "Our history". Children with Cancer UK. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "27 years of saving young lives". Children with Cancer UK. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "Diana, Princess of Wales". Children with Cancer UK. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016. "The Life of Diana, Princess of Wales 1961–1997". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2015. "Diana, Princess of Wales (1961–1997)". The Leprosy Mission. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. "Our Patron Prince William". Centrepoint. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. "William becomes patron of the homeless". The Telegraph. 14 September 2005. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. Perry, Simon (30 September 2021). "Prince William Celebrates a Cause Princess Diana Inspired Him and Prince Harry to Support Decades Ago". People. Retrieved 30 September 2021. "People Princess Diana speaks out for homeless young". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 8 December 1995. Retrieved 31 January 2016. Furness, Hannah (23 January 2018). "Charities must work together or risk confusing donors, Prince William warns". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018. "Author defends Diana criticism". BBC News. 17 April 1998. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017. "Press: Royal Pain". Time. 8 December 1980. Retrieved 7 May 2021. "Another round in Prince Charles' matrimonial sweepstakes". United Press International. 22 November 1980. Retrieved 7 May 2021. "Timeline: Diana, Princess of Wales". BBC News. 5 July 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "1993: Diana sues over gym photos". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017. "Gym owner defends Princess pictures: Bryce Taylor says 98 per cent of people would also have tried his 'legal scam' to make money". The Independent. 17 November 1993. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017. "Topless Princess Di photos up for sale". United Press International. 4 May 1994. Retrieved 17 July 2022. Hall, Alice (11 March 2020). "A history of royal hoaxes – from Harry to Diana and the Queen". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 July 2022. Thorpe, Vanessa; Macdonald, Marianne (8 October 1996). "Gotcha! 'Sun' says Diana tape was a fake". The Independent. Retrieved 27 November 2022. Beckett, Andy (13 October 1996). "Soaking up the Sun". The Independent. Retrieved 27 November 2022. "1997: Princess Diana dies in Paris crash". BBC News. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "The guarded words of Trevor Rees-Jones". Irish Times. 13 March 2000. Retrieved 16 January 2021. "Tracking 30 years of TV's most watched programmes" Archived 18 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2015 "Diana's funeral watched by millions on television". BBC News. 6 September 1997. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "World Reaction to Diana's Death". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 November 2004. Retrieved 26 May 2015. "World Remembers Diana". BBC News. Retrieved 25 May 2018. "Your Thoughts". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. "Princess Diana's body comes home". CNN. 31 August 1997. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2013. "Prince Charles Arrives in Paris to Take Diana's Body Home". The New York Times. 31 August 1997. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2014. Spencer, Earl (4 May 2007). "The most hunted person of the modern age". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2011. Lynch, Joe (11 October 2014). "17 Years Ago, Elton John's 'Candle In the Wind 1997' Started Its 14-Week No. 1 Run". Billboard. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016. Ibrahim, Youssef M. (9 September 1997). "Millions of Dollars Pouring In To Diana's Favorite Charities". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017. "Elton John delivers proceeds to Diana charity". CNN. 19 November 1997. Archived from the original on 1 December 2004. Retrieved 4 January 2017. "Diana Returns Home". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2015. "No. 52834". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 February 1992. p. 2581. "Burial site offers princess a privacy elusive in life". Sarasota Herald Tribune. 6 September 1997. Retrieved 29 June 2015. Oborne, Peter (4 September 1999). "Diana crash caused by chauffeur, says report". The Telegraph. No. 1562. London. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. "Diana crash was a conspiracy – Al Fayed". BBC News. 12 February 1998. Archived from the original on 14 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "Point-by-point: Al Fayed's claims". BBC News. 19 February 2008. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "Inquests into the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales and Mr Dodi Al Fayed". Judicial Communications Office. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2011. "Princess Diana unlawfully killed". BBC News. 7 April 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2008. "Al Fayed abandons Diana campaign". BBC News. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012. Mayoras, Danielle; Mayoras, Andy. "As Remainder Of Princess Diana's Estate Passes To Harry, Troubling Questions Remain". Forbes. "Diana's will: The full text". CNN. 4 March 1998. Retrieved 2 June 2018. Garber, Julie (31 May 2018). "What Does Princess Diana's Will Say?". The Balance. Retrieved 2 June 2018. "Diana leaves £21m". BBC News. 2 March 1998. Retrieved 9 January 2020. "What will Prince Harry and Prince William inherit from Princess Diana?". The Telegraph. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2018. Ensor, Josie (8 March 2021). "Princess Diana foresaw Prince Harry's departure from Royal family, Duke claims". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2021. Picheta, Rob (27 April 2021). "Princess Diana's wedding dress to go on display after William and Harry agree to loan". CNN. Retrieved 28 April 2021. "A Close Look at the British Royal Family's Engagement Rings". Vogue. 13 March 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2018. Loeb, Vernon (12 December 1998). "NSA Admits to Spying on Princess Diana". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2018. "Top secret US files could hold clues to death of Diana". The Guardian. 11 January 2004. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018. Allen, Nick (9 January 2008). "Diana's Squidgygate tapes 'leaked by GCHQ'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2018. "Diana: the people pay tribute". BBC News. 31 August 1998. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "Prayers for Diana". BBC News. 30 August 1998. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "Princes say thank you". BBC News. 31 August 1998. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "Commemorating Diana". BBC News. 30 August 1998. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "Flags at half mast for Diana". BBC News. 23 July 1998. Retrieved 17 March 2018. David Pollard, Neil (2007). Constitutional and Administrative Law: Text with Materials. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-199-28637-9. "Diana concert a 'perfect tribute'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2012. "Concert for Diana". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015. "What is the Concert for Diana?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2016. "Princes lead Diana memorial service tributes". The Telegraph. 31 August 2007. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015. "Princes to lead Service of Thanksgiving for Diana, Princess of Wales". The Royal Family. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2022. "Handwritten Diana letters sell for £15,100 at auction". BBC News. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. "Princess Diana's letters about Prince Harry getting into trouble at school sell for five times more than expected". The Telegraph. 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. "Princess Diana's handwritten letters fetch £67,900". BBC News. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021. Gair, Kieran (1 February 2023). "Diana's letters reveal strain of her divorce with Charles". The Times. Retrieved 6 February 2023. "Princess Diana fashion exhibition to feature classic outfits from 80s and 90s". The Guardian. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. Rayner, Gordon (15 November 2016). "Princess Diana's most iconic dresses being brought back to Kensington Palace to mark 20 years since her death". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. "Diana: Her Fashion Story". Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017. Smout, Alistair; Addiso, Stephen (22 February 2017). "Princess Diana's dresses go on display in London, 20 years after her death". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017. "Princess Diana: Princes commission statue 20 years after her death". BBC News. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017. "Princes William and Harry plan statue of their mother, Diana". The Guardian. 28 January 2017. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. "William and Harry visit Princess Diana memorial". BBC News. 30 August 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. "Princess Diana remains UK's most beloved royal". CBS News. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2021. Jephson, Patrick (25 June 2011). "We will never forget how Princess Diana made us feel". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. White, Michael (31 August 2012). "Princess Diana's influence on the royal family lives on". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Faulkner, Larissa J. (1997). "Shades of Discipline: Princess Diana, The U.S. Media, and Whiteness". Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies. 16 (1): 16–31. doi:10.17077/2168-569X.1224. S2CID 190075942. Retrieved 15 November 2022. Bradford 2006, pp. 307–308. Ciccocioppo, Lucianna (26 September 1997). "The power of Diana's charisma". University of Alberta. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020. "Patrick Jephson: Prince Charles Was Unable to Reconcile with Princess Diana's Extraordinary Popularity". The Independent. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. McFadden, Cynthia; Arons, Melinda (29 August 2007). "Princess Diana's Life and Legacy". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Wallace, Rob (26 May 2013). "'Rebel Royal Mum': Diana's Legacy as Parent". NBC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Regan, Alex (31 August 2017). "Diana's embrace: The legacy she left her sons". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018. Hampson, Chris (28 August 2007). "Why Princess Diana still fascinates us". NBC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Brown, Tina (October 1985). "The Mouse That Roared". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2 December 2020. Gray, Paul (15 September 1997). "Farewell, Diana". Time. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Howell, Georgina (September 1988). "Making the Best of It". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2 December 2020. Carroll, Alicia (31 May 2012). "America's Obsession With Royalty Started With Princess Diana". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Richard Weight, Patriots: National Identity in Britain 1940–2000 (2002) pp. 659, 681 "Tony Blair: Diana was a manipulator like me". The Telegraph. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Alderson, Andrew (26 September 2009). "Criticism of Queen after death of Diana 'hugely upset' Queen Mother". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Hoge, Warren (4 September 1997). "Royal Family, Stung by Critics, Responds to a Grieving Nation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Campbell, Alastair (29 May 2017). "Prince William on Diana, Princess of Wales". GQ. Retrieved 25 May 2021. "Man of the Year 1997". Time. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. "1987: Diana, Princess of Wales". Time. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020. "Great Britons 1–10". BBC via Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 4 February 2004. Retrieved 22 December 2012. "The Princess and the Press". BBC News. Retrieved 1 December 2020. Cohen, Roger (6 September 1997). "Diana and the Paparazzi: A Morality Tale". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 December 2020. Conrad, Peter (16 June 2007). "Diana: the myth, 10 years on". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Hitchens, Christopher (1 September 1997). "Mother Teresa or Mrs. Simpson: Which Was the Real Diana?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020. Holden, Michael (13 March 2014). "Princess Diana leaked royal directories to Murdoch tabloid, court hears". Reuters. Retrieved 26 April 2023. "Princess Diana's death was 'global event' says Blair". BBC News. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2020. Dalrymple, Theodore (1997). "The Goddess of Domestic Tribulations". City Journal. Retrieved 5 December 2020. Roberts, Yvonne (29 August 1998). "One Year On: Dry your eyes! She was no saint and her death changed nothing". The Independent. Retrieved 1 December 2020. Freedland, Jonathan (12 August 2007). "A moment of madness?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Massie, Allan (12 April 2008). "Why Diana is still the spirit of the age". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017. Lee Adams, William (2 April 2012). "All-Time 100 Fashion Icons: Princess Diana". Time. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017. "Will Kate kick off a war of the Welles?". The Telegraph. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. "The Woman We Loved". Newsweek. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. "These were the boots that shaped the world". The Telegraph. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Paton, Elizabeth (22 February 2017). "Why Are We Still Obsessed With Princess Diana's Style?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Katz, Gregory (22 February 2017). "Dresses that tell a story: Princess Diana fashion exhibit to open at Kensington Palace". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017. Holt, Bethan (24 February 2017). "No gloves and high split skirts: How Princess Diana rewrote the rules of royal dressing". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017. Elbaum, Rachel (30 August 2012). "Forever fashionable: Princess Diana's style legacy lives on". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Holt, Bethan (19 November 2016). "Why Princess Diana remains an enduring style icon for all generations". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Ferrier, Morwenna (4 April 2016). "Why Rihanna's obsessed with Princess Diana". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. "Diana, Style Icon". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Hudson, Mark (22 February 2017). "Diana: Her Fashion Story, review: this riveting show of Diana's dresses shows just how magnificent she was". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Tashjian, Rachel (23 February 2017). "How Princess Diana Became a Fashion Icon". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017. Mower, Sarah (1 November 2013). "Princess Diana's Iconic Style: Why We're Still Fascinated by Her Fashion Today". Vogue. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Holt, Bethan (13 October 2016). "The modern way to dress like Princess Diana". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Holmes, Elizabeth (9 November 2020). "Why Princess Diana's Fashion Will Never Go Out of Style". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 25 August 2021. Crimmens, Tamsin (17 November 2016). "Princess Diana's Iconic Fashion Moments". Elle. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. "Princess Diana's changing fashion style explored in exhibition". BBC News. 19 February 2017. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Neel, Julia (15 April 2011). "Style File – Diana, Princess Of Wales". Vogue. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017. Holt, Bethan (16 November 2020). "Revealed: why Princess Diana had to replace her beloved sheep jumper". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 13 March 2023. "The Second Life of Princess Diana's Most Notorious Sweater". The New Yorker. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2023. Adams, Rebecca (1 July 2013). "Princess Diana's Black Dress Was The Best 'Revenge' After Separation". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. "The Inside Story: Diana, Princess of Wales's Vogue Covers". British Vogue. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2021. Newbold, Alice (6 July 2021). "Gucci Has Reinvented One of Princess Diana's Favorite Handbags". Vogue. Retrieved 7 July 2021. Bongrand, Caroline; Müller, Florence (April 2011), "Lady Dior", in Éditions de La Martinière (ed.), Inspiration Dior (in French), Irina Antonova (preface), Paris: La Martinière, pp. 220–227, ISBN 978-2732446233, Inspi2011 Bennett, Catherine (25 February 2017). "Diana shook up the royals but they have their poise back now". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017. "John Boyd, milliner who helped make Princess Diana a fashion icon, dies at 92". The Washington Post. 6 March 2018. "Discreet hatmaker who sparked a craze for British millinery after he designed Princess Diana's pink, ostrich-feathered going-away hat". The Times. 7 March 2018. "Queen unveils new Diana fountain". BBC News. 6 July 2004. Retrieved 16 September 2023. "Royals shun Diana memorial". BBC News. 30 June 2000. Retrieved 16 September 2023. "Diana's walkway unveiled". BBC News. 18 January 2000. Retrieved 2 July 2021. Pierce, Andrew (15 February 2007). "Brown launches Diana Award as charity". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Shearing, Hazel (1 July 2021). "William and Harry unite to unveil Diana statue at Kensington Palace". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021. "Austrians unveil memorial to Princess Diana". BBC News. 2 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017. Bennhold, Katrin (31 August 2007). "In Paris, 'pilgrims of the flame' remember Diana". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2016. Silverman, Stephen M. (28 August 2002). "Paris Honors Diana with Two Memorials". People. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Chazan, David (30 May 2019). "Paris pays homage to Princess Diana by naming a square after her, 22 years after fatal car crash". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2020. "Princess Diana Honored on Postage Stamps: Online Sales from The Collectible Stamps Gallery". The Collectible Stamps Gallery. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016. "1998 – (140) To the Memory of Princess Diana". HayPost. Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2016. "1998, February, 4. Princess Diana". Azermarka. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2013. "Diana memorial unveiled". BBC News. 7 November 2002. Retrieved 29 May 2018. "Harrods unveils Diana, Dodi statue". CNN. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016. Johnston, Chris (13 January 2018). "'Tacky' statue of Diana and Dodi Fayed to be removed from Harrods". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. "Royal princess named Charlotte Elizabeth Diana". BBC News. London. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015. "Princess Charlotte Elizabeth Diana: why William and Kate made their name choices for royal baby". The Telegraph. London. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015. Foster, Max; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (6 June 2021). "Meghan and Prince Harry welcome second child". CNN. Retrieved 6 June 2021. "Earl Spencer names baby daughter after Diana, Princess of Wales". The Telegraph. UK. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017. Bastin, Giselle (Summer 2009). "Filming the Ineffable: Biopics of the British Royal Family". Auto/Biography Studies. 24 (1): 34–52. doi:10.1080/08989575.2009.10846787. S2CID 220313542. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2013. Tucker, Ken (11 December 1992). "Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013. "Serena Scott Thomas". People. 28 March 2005. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017. "Princess in Love". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017. Marks, Kathy (27 January 1998). "Legal fight to safeguard Diana's voice from exploitation by 'soundalike s'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017. McNulty, Bernadette (19 November 2005). "Affairs to remember". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2020. "Banished – Mrs Mary Johnson". BBC Two. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2017. "Diana: Last Days of a Princess TV Show". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012. "The Murder of Princess Diana". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017. "Diana film slammed by British press". BBC News. 6 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017. Kumar, Naveen (17 November 2021). "'Diana, The Musical' Review: A Royal Tragedy Turned Vacuous Rom-Com". Variety. Hall, Ellie (9 April 2019). ""The Crown" Just Cast Its Princess Diana". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 10 April 2019. Haring, Bruce (16 August 2020). "'The Crown' Adds Elizabeth Debicki As Princess Diana For Final Two Seasons". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020. Katz, David (14 January 2021). "Kristen Stewart joins the British royal family in Spencer". Cineuropa.org. Retrieved 25 August 2021. "About page for the HBO Documentary Film Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy". HBO. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017. "Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy". ITV Press Centre. Retrieved 25 July 2017. "William And Harry To Share Memories Of Mother Diana In Intimate TV Documentary". HuffPost UK. 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017. "Diana, Princess of Wales". The Royal Family. Retrieved 21 April 2023. Jack, Ian (11 March 2005). "Lay of the last duchess". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 April 2021. "Diana Spencer had also been the Duchess of Rothesay, and of Cornwall, the Baroness Renfrew, etc, as well as the Princess of Wales." de Lucia, Carmella (31 August 2017). "How Chester came to a standstill in the aftermath of Princess Diana's untimely death". Chester Chronicle. Retrieved 29 April 2021. de Lucia, Carmella (19 June 2014). "Help hospital recreate historic day". Chester Chronicle. Retrieved 29 April 2021. "This year the hospital is celebrating three decades since Diana, Princess of Wales officially opened the building, and as a result it was named in her honour." "Why Prince Harry's wife will not be called Princess Meghan". BBC News. 30 November 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2023. "Tony coined the 'people's princess'". The Telegraph. London. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. "Palace and Spencers Agree: No HRH". BBC News. 8 September 1997. Retrieved 17 April 2021. Vickers, Hugo (1994), Royal Orders, Boxtree, p. 147, ISBN 9781852835101 "Royal Insight". The British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2023. "Prince William becomes honorary barrister". The Daily Telegraph. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2019. "The Prince is the sixth member of the Royal Family to be called to the Bench as a Royal Bencher and is following in the footsteps of the Queen Mother, called in 1944, and his mother Diana, Princess of Wales, called in 1988." "RCS: Faculty of Dental Surgery" (PDF). The Royal College of Surgeons. July 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2018. "There were records of such diverse events of the endowment of the Nuffield Research Professor in Dental Science, the admission of HRH Diana Princess of Wales as an Honorary Fellow in Dental Surgery and ..." "Freedom of Cardiff: List of recipients from 1886". BBC News. 24 February 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2018. "Honorary Freeman of the City and County of Cardiff" (PDF). cardiff.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 January 2020. "Diana Daffodils". Getty Images. Retrieved 26 May 2021. Princess Diana in Northampton. YouTube. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021. "Diana And Her Father Earl Spencer". Getty Images. Retrieved 26 May 2021. "Freedom of the city & keys of the city". Portsmouth City Council. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2018. C.D. Coulthard-Clark, Australia's Military Mapmakers, Oxford University Press, published 2000, ISBN 978-0-19-551343-1 "Honorary Appointments". Princess of Wales Own Regiment. Retrieved 30 April 2021. "No. 50148". The London Gazette. 10 June 1985. p. 8028. Ilse, Jess (30 June 2021). "What is a royal ship sponsor?". Royal Central. Retrieved 30 June 2021. "HMS VANGUARD NAMING CEREMONY WITH HRH DIANA THE PRINCESS OF WALES, BARROW-IN-FURNESS, 30 APRIL 1992 [Allocated Title]". Imperial War Museums. 30 April 1992. Retrieved 20 May 2022. "HMS VANGUARD COMMISSIONING CEREMONY WITH HRH DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES, BARROW-IN-FURNESS, 14 AUGUST 1993 [Allocated Title]". Imperial War Museums. 14 August 1993. Retrieved 20 May 2022. Hamilton, Alan (16 November 1984). "Two royal princesses share a day in the limelight". The Times. London. p. 36. "Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales" (PDF). Westminster Abbey. 6 September 1997. Retrieved 17 April 2021. Montague-Smith, Patrick (1968). Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage. Kelly's Directories. p. 24. "The Coat of Arms of HRH Prince William and HRH Prince Harry of Wales". College of Arms. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014. Round, J.H. (1901) Studies in Peerage and Family History, A. Constable and Company, London, pp. 292–309 "A Modern Monarchy – The Royal Family appears to have overcome its troubles and the new generation has adapted skilfully to a changing Britain". The Times. 25 July 2013. Leading articles. "Prince George of Cambridge, born on Monday, now has in his relatively recent line miners and labourers; something hard to contemplate a generation ago." David White (Somerset Herald) (23 July 2013). "The Windsors & the Middletons – A family tree". The Times. Pull-out supplement. Lowe, Mark Anthony (1860). Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: Heritage Books, Inc. p. 325. ISBN 9780788404566. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Ziegler, Philip (1988). The Sixth Great Power: Barings 1762–1929. London: Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-217508-1. "A Brief History of Barings". Baring Archive. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013. Bradford 2006, p. 31. "Charles 'amazed' by Lady Di's yes". 25 February 1981. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015. Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Iain (1982). Royal Highness. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 38. Evans, Richard K. (2007). The Ancestry of Diana, Princess of Wales. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society. ISBN 9780880822084. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2017. Roberts, Gary Boyd. "The Royal Ancestry of Meghan Markle". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017. "The Rev. William Skipper's ancestors Sir Philip Wentworth (died 1464) and Mary Clifford are ancestors also, in various lines, of both H.M. the late Queen Mother (and thus H.M. the Queen, the Prince of Wales, and Prince Harry) and of the late Diana, Princess of Wales." Roberts, Gary Boyd (30 November 2017). "The Shared Ancestry of (Rachel) Meghan Markle and Prince Harry" (PDF). American Ancestors. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017. Amos, Owen (27 November 2017). "The other American in Prince Harry's family". BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2018. "New genetic evidence that Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, is the direct descendant of an Indian woman and that he carries her mitochondrial DNA" (PDF). BritainsDNA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2015. "DNA tests reveal Prince William's Indian ancestry". CNN. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017. Brown, David (14 June 2013). "Revealed: the Indian ancestry of William". The Times. p. 1. Sinha, Kounteya (16 June 2013). "Hunt on for Prince William's distant cousins in Surat". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2013. Hern, Alex (14 June 2013). "Are there ethical lapses in the Times' story on William's 'Indian ancestry'?". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. "Although Eliza Kewark was indeed thought of as Armenian, it's not particularly surprising that she would have had Indian ancestors; the Armenian diaspora had been in India for centuries at the time of her birth, and even the most insular communities tend to experience genetic mixing over in that timescale." Williamson 1981a.     Williamson 1981b. Bibliography     Bradford, Sarah (2006). Diana. New York; Toronto; London: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03807-7.     Brandreth, Gyles (2004). Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage. London: Century. ISBN 978-0-71-266103-4.     Brown, Tina (2007). The Diana Chronicles. London; New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-51708-9.     Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 978-0-68-812996-5.     Morton, Andrew (1997) [1992]. Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-68-485080-1.     Smith, Sally Bedell (2000) [1999]. Diana in Search of Herself: Portrait of a Troubled Princess. Signet. ISBN 978-0-451-20108-9.     Williamson, D. (1981a). "The Ancestry of Lady Diana Spencer". Genealogist's Magazine. 20 (6): 192–199.     Williamson, D. (1981b). "The Ancestry of Lady Diana Spencer". Genealogist's Magazine. 20 (8): 281–282. Further reading     Anderson, Christopher (2001). Diana's Boys: William and Harry and the Mother they Loved (1st ed.). United States: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-688-17204-6.     Bedell Smith, Sally (1999). Diana in Search of Herself: Portrait of a Troubled Princess. Times Books. ISBN 978-0-81-293030-6.     Brennan, Kristine (1998). Diana, Princess of Wales. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-79-104714-9.     Burrell, Paul (2003). A Royal Duty. United States: HarperCollins Entertainment. ISBN 978-0-00-725263-3.     Burrell, Paul (2007). The Way We Were: Remembering Diana. United States: HarperCollins Entertainment. ISBN 978-0-06-113895-9.     Campbell, Lady Colin (1992). Diana in Private: The Princess Nobody Knows. London: St Martins Pr. ISBN 978-0-3120-8180-5.     Caradec'h, Jean-Michel (2006). Diana. L'enquête criminelle (in French). Neuilly-sur-Seine: Michel Lafon. ISBN 978-2-7499-0479-5.     Corby, Tom (1997). Diana, Princess of Wales: A Tribute. United States: Benford Books. ISBN 978-1-56649-599-8.     Coward, Rosalind (2004). Diana: The Portrait. United Kingdom (other publishers worldwide): HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-718203-9.     Davies, Jude (2001). Diana, A Cultural History: Gender, Race, Nation, and the People's Princess. Houndmills, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-33-373688-3. OCLC 46565010.     Denney, Colleen (2005). Representing Diana, Princess of Wales: Cultural Memory and Fairy Tales Revisited. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-83-864023-4. OCLC 56490960.     Edwards, Anne (2001). Ever After: Diana and the Life She Led. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-25314-1. OCLC 43867312.     Frum, David (2000). How We Got bare: The '70s. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-46-504195-4.     Mattern, Joanne (2006). Princess Diana. DK Biography. New York: DK Publishing. ISBN 978-0-756-61614-4.     Morton, Andrew (2004). Diana: In Pursuit of Love. United States: Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-84317-084-6.     Rees-Jones, Trevor (2000). The Bodyguard's Story: Diana, the Crash, and the Sole Survivor. United States: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-85508-2.     Steinberg, Deborah Lynn (1999). Mourning Diana: Nation, Culture and the Performance of Grief. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41-519393-1.     Taylor, John A. (2000). Diana, Self-Interest, and British National Identity. Westport, CN: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-27-596826-7. OCLC 42935749.     Thomas, James (2002). Diana's Mourning: A People's History. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-0-70-831753-2. OCLC 50099981.     Turnock, Robert (2000). Interpreting Diana: Television Audiences and the Death of a Princess. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 978-0-85-170788-4. OCLC 43819614. External links Diana, Princess of Wales at Wikipedia's sister projects     Media from Commons     News from Wikinews     Quotations from Wikiquote     Textbooks from Wikibooks     Data from Wikidata     Diana, Princess of Wales at the official website of the Royal Family     Portraits of Diana, Princess of Wales at the National Portrait Gallery, London Edit this at Wikidata     Diana, Princess of Wales at IMDb     FBI Records: The Vault – Diana, Princess of Wales at fbi.gov     Appearances on C-SPAN     vte Diana, Princess of Wales 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997 Titles (1981–1996)         Princess of Wales Duchess of Cornwall Duchess of Rothesay Countess of Chester Baroness of Renfrew Family         Charles III (former husband) William, Prince of Wales (elder son) Harry, Duke of Sussex (younger son) John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (father) Frances Shand Kydd (mother) Lady Sarah McCorquodale (sister) Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes (sister) Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (brother) Spencer family Life events         Wedding         guest list Squidgygate Panorama interview Fashion         Wedding dress Jewels Travolta dress Revenge dress Lady Dior Gucci Diana Charities         International Campaign to Ban Landmines Landmine Survivors Network Barnardo's Centrepoint Turning Point National AIDS Trust The Leprosy Mission English National Ballet The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Great Ormond Street Hospital Death         People's princess Funeral Operation Paget Conspiracy theories People         Dodi Fayed (romantic partner) Trevor Rees-Jones (bodyguard) Memorials         "Candle in the Wind" Concert for Diana Diana Award Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground Diana, Princess of Wales: Tribute Diana, Princess of Wales Tribute Concert Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk Innocent Victims Place Diana         Flame of Liberty Princess Diana Memorial Princess of Wales Bridge Princess of Wales Theatre Rosa 'Diana, Princess of Wales' Rosa 'Princess of Wales' Statue of Diana, Princess of Wales West Heath School Popular culture     Books         Diana: Her True Story (1992) Diana in Search of Herself (1999) 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess (2002) If Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things (2002) Diana: Closely Guarded Secret (2002) The Little White Car (2004) The Murder of Princess Diana (2004) Princess Diana's Revenge (2006) The Diana Chronicles (2007) The Accident Man (2011) Untold Story (2011) Film and television         Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story (1982) The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana (1982) Spitting Image (1984–1996) Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After (1992) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Diana: Her True Story (1993) Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess (1998) Diana: The Rose Conspiracy (2005) Whatever Love Means (2005) The Queen (2006) Diana: Last Days of a Princess (2007) The Murder of Princess Diana (2007) Diana (2013) The Crown (2020–) Spencer (2021) Documentaries         The Queen (2009 TV serial) Unlawful Killing (2011) Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy (2017) The Story of Diana (2017) Diana: In Her Own Words (2017) Diana, 7 Days (2017) The Princess (2022) Plays and musicals         Her Royal Highness..? (1981) Diana (2019) Songs         "Buckingham Blues" "Diana" (Bryan Adams song) "Ain't Nuttin' But Music" "Dance in the Dark" Portraits         Diana, Princess of Wales (Bryan Organ portrait) Links to related articles     vte British princesses by marriage The generations include wives of princes descended from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. 1st generation         Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach 2nd generation         Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3rd generation         Maria Walpole Anne Luttrell 4th generation         Duchess Caroline of Brunswick Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel The Princess Mary* 5th generation         Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 6th generation         Princess Alexandra of Denmark Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont Princess Thyra of Denmark 7th generation         Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife* Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia 8th generation         Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark 9th generation         Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen Katharine Worsley Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz 10th generation         Lady Diana Spencer Camilla Shand Sarah Ferguson Sophie Rhys-Jones 11th generation         Catherine Middleton Meghan Markle *also a British princess in her own right Princesses whose titles were removed due to loss of husband's eligibility or divorce are shown in italics.     vte Princesses of Wales and Duchesses of Cornwall     Joan, Countess of Kent (1361–1376) Lady Cecily Neville (1460; disputed) Lady Anne Neville (1470–1471) Infanta Catherine of Aragon (1501–1502) Princess Caroline of Ansbach (1714–1727) Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1736–1751) Princess Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (1901–1910) Lady Diana Spencer (1981–1996) Camilla Shand* (2005–2022) Catherine Middleton (2022–present) * Though legally Princess of Wales, she did not use the title     vte Duchesses of Rothesay     Marjorie Douglas (1400–1402) Princess Caroline of Ansbach (1714–1727) Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1736–1751) Princess Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (1901–1910) Lady Diana Spencer (1981–1996) Camilla Shand (2005–2022) Catherine Middleton (2022–present)     vte Time 100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century Leaders & revolutionaries         David Ben-Gurion Winston Churchill Mahatma Gandhi Mikhail Gorbachev Adolf Hitler Ho Chi Minh Pope John Paul II Ruhollah Khomeini Martin Luther King Jr. Vladimir Lenin Nelson Mandela Mao Zedong Ronald Reagan Eleanor Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Margaret Sanger Margaret Thatcher Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel Lech Wałęsa Artists & entertainers         Louis Armstrong Lucille Ball The Beatles Marlon Brando Coco Chanel Charlie Chaplin Le Corbusier Bob Dylan T. S. Eliot Aretha Franklin Martha Graham Jim Henson James Joyce Pablo Picasso Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein Bart Simpson Frank Sinatra Steven Spielberg Igor Stravinsky Oprah Winfrey Builders & titans         Stephen Bechtel Sr. Leo Burnett Willis Carrier Walt Disney Henry Ford Bill Gates Amadeo Giannini Ray Kroc Estée Lauder William Levitt Lucky Luciano Louis B. Mayer Charles E. Merrill Akio Morita Walter Reuther Pete Rozelle David Sarnoff Juan Trippe Sam Walton Thomas J. Watson Jr. Scientists & thinkers         Leo Baekeland Tim Berners-Lee Rachel Carson Albert Einstein Philo Farnsworth Enrico Fermi Alexander Fleming Sigmund Freud Robert H. Goddard Kurt Gödel Edwin Hubble John Maynard Keynes Leakey family Jean Piaget Jonas Salk William Shockley Alan Turing Francis Crick & James Watson Ludwig Wittgenstein Wright brothers Heroes & icons         Muhammad Ali The American G.I. Lady Diana Spencer Anne Frank Billy Graham Che Guevara Edmund Hillary & Tenzing Norgay Helen Keller Kennedy family Bruce Lee Charles Lindbergh Harvey Milk Marilyn Monroe Emmeline Pankhurst Rosa Parks Pelé Jackie Robinson Andrei Sakharov Mother Teresa Bill W. Portals:     icon Monarchy     flag United Kingdom     flag England     flag Wales     flag Scotland Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International         FAST         2 ISNI VIAF WorldCat National         Spain France BnF data Argentina Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Finland United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Greece Korea Netherlands Poland Russia Academics         CiNii Artists         MusicBrainz Te Papa (New Zealand) ULAN People         Deutsche Biographie Trove Other         SNAC IdRef Categories:     Diana, Princess of Wales1961 births1997 deaths20th-century British philanthropists20th-century English nobility20th-century English women20th-century women philanthropistsBritish AnglicansBritish anti-poverty advocatesBritish countessesBritish environmentalistsEnglish health activistsBritish women activistsBritish women environmentalistsBurials in NorthamptonshireDaughters of British earlsDuchesses of CornwallDuchesses of RothesayFolk saintsGrand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Netherlands)HIV/AIDS activistsHomelessness activistsHonorary air commodoresHouse of WindsorLeprosy activistsMental health activistsMine actionMountbatten-Windsor familyPatrons of schoolsPeople from Sandringham, NorfolkPrincesses of WalesRoad incident deaths in FranceWives of British princes The Crown (TV series)     Article     Talk     Read     Edit     View history Tools From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Crown Genre    Historical drama Created by    Peter Morgan Starring     Seasons 1–2     Claire Foy     Matt Smith     Vanessa Kirby     Eileen Atkins     Jeremy Northam     Victoria Hamilton     Ben Miles     Greg Wise     Jared Harris     John Lithgow     Alex Jennings     Lia Williams     Anton Lesser     Matthew Goode Seasons 3–4     Olivia Colman     Tobias Menzies     Helena Bonham Carter     Ben Daniels     Jason Watkins     Marion Bailey     Erin Doherty     Charles Dance     Josh O'Connor     Emma Corrin     Gillian Anderson     Stephen Boxer     Emerald Fennell Seasons 5–6     Imelda Staunton     Jonathan Pryce     Lesley Manville     Dominic West     Elizabeth Debicki     Jonny Lee Miller     Olivia Williams     Claudia Harrison     Natascha McElhone     Marcia Warren Theme music composer    Hans Zimmer Composers         Rupert Gregson-Williams (s. 1–2)     Lorne Balfe (s. 2)     Martin Phipps (s. 3–5) Country of origin         United Kingdom[1]     United States[2] Original language    English No. of seasons    6 No. of episodes    54 (list of episodes) Production Executive producers         Peter Morgan     Stephen Daldry     Andy Harries     Philip Martin     Suzanne Mackie     Matthew Byam Shaw     Robert Fox     Tanya Seghatchian     Nina Wolarsky     Allie Goss     Benjamin Caron Producers         Andy Stebbing     Martin Harrison     Michael Casey     Andrew Eaton     Oona O'Beirn     Faye Ward Production location    United Kingdom Running time    39–61 minutes Production companies         Left Bank Pictures     Sony Pictures Television Original release Network    Netflix Release    4 November 2016 – present The Crown is a historical drama television series about the reign of Elizabeth II, who was monarch of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 1952 to 2022. It was created and principally written by Peter Morgan and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Television for Netflix. Morgan developed the series from his film The Queen (2006) and his stage play The Audience (2013), which also focus on Elizabeth. The series consists of six seasons, each of which covers several years of Elizabeth's life. The first series begins shortly before her marriage to Philip Mountbatten in 1947, and the sixth will cover Elizabeth's reign into the 21st century. The principal cast of the series has been changed every two seasons; Elizabeth, for example, was played by Claire Foy in the first and second seasons, Olivia Colman in the third and fourth, and Imelda Staunton in the fifth and sixth. Filming took place at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with location shooting taking place in the United Kingdom and internationally. The first season was released by Netflix on 4 November 2016; the sixth is being released in two parts, the first on 16 November 2023 and the second on 14 December 2023. The Crown has been praised by critics for its acting, directing, writing, cinematography, and production values, although its historical inaccuracies have received some criticism. It has won numerous awards, including a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series and two Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series – Drama. Plot The Crown portrays the life of Queen Elizabeth II from her wedding in 1947 to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh,[3] until the early 21st century.[4][5] The first season depicts events up to 1955, with Winston Churchill resigning as prime minister and the Queen's sister Princess Margaret deciding not to marry Peter Townsend.[6] The second season covers the Suez Crisis in 1956, leading to the retirement of Prime Minister Anthony Eden in 1957; the birth of Prince Andrew, Duke of York in 1960, the retirement of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in 1963, following the scandal of the Profumo affair; and the birth of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex in 1964.[7][8][9] The third season covers 1964 to 1977, beginning with Harold Wilson's election as prime minister and ending with the Queen's Silver Jubilee,[10] also covering Edward Heath's time as prime minister;[11] Camilla Shand is introduced.[11] The fourth season is set during Margaret Thatcher's tenure as prime minister from 1979 to 1990, with focus on Lady Diana Spencer and her tumultuous marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales.[12] The fifth season covers the period 1991 to 1997, and focuses on the "War of the Waleses" and the resulting divorce of Charles and Diana, as well as the rise of the Al-Fayed family and the Queen's "annus horribilis" of 1992. The sixth and final season consists of two parts covering 1997 to 2005; the first part depicts Diana's romance with Dodi Fayed leading up to her death and funeral in 1997. The second part is set to cover Prince William and Catherine Middleton's relationship after meeting in 2001, Charles's civil wedding to Camilla in 2005, and the Queen's reflections on her long reign as it enters the 21st century. Episodes Main article: List of The Crown episodes Season    Episodes    Originally released 1    10    4 November 2016 2    10    8 December 2017 3    10    17 November 2019 4    10    15 November 2020 5    10    9 November 2022 6[13]    10    4    16 November 2023 6    14 December 2023 Cast and characters Main article: List of The Crown characters Main     Claire Foy (seasons 1–2, featured season 4, guest season 5), Olivia Colman (seasons 3–4), and Imelda Staunton (seasons 5–6) as Queen Elizabeth II     Matt Smith (seasons 1–2), Tobias Menzies (seasons 3–4), and Jonathan Pryce (seasons 5–6) as Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh     Vanessa Kirby (seasons 1–2, guest season 5), Helena Bonham Carter (seasons 3–4), and Lesley Manville (seasons 5–6) as Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon     Eileen Atkins (season 1) and Candida Benson (guest season 5) as Queen Mary     Jeremy Northam as Anthony Eden (seasons 1–2)     Victoria Hamilton (seasons 1–2), Marion Bailey (seasons 3–4), and Marcia Warren (seasons 5–6) as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother     Ben Miles (season 1, featured season 2, guest season 5) and Timothy Dalton (featured season 5) as Peter Townsend     Greg Wise (seasons 1–2) and Charles Dance (season 3, featured season 4) as Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma     Jared Harris as King George VI (season 1, featured season 2)     John Lithgow as Winston Churchill (season 1, featured seasons 2–3)     Alex Jennings (season 1, featured seasons 2 and 5) and Derek Jacobi (featured season 3) as Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor     Lia Williams (season 1, featured seasons 2 and 5) and Geraldine Chaplin (featured season 3) as Wallis, Duchess of Windsor     Anton Lesser as Harold Macmillan (season 2)     Matthew Goode (season 2) and Ben Daniels (season 3) as Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon     Jason Watkins as Harold Wilson (season 3)     Erin Doherty (seasons 3–4) and Claudia Harrison (seasons 5–6) as Princess Anne     Josh O'Connor (seasons 3–4) and Dominic West (seasons 5–6) as Charles, Prince of Wales     Emma Corrin (season 4) and Elizabeth Debicki (seasons 5–6) as Diana, Princess of Wales     Gillian Anderson as Margaret Thatcher (season 4)     Stephen Boxer as Denis Thatcher (season 4)     Emerald Fennell (season 4, featured season 3) and Olivia Williams (seasons 5–6) as Camilla Parker Bowles     Jonny Lee Miller (season 5) and Marc Ozall (guest season 4) as John Major     Natascha McElhone (season 5) as Penny Knatchbull, Lady Romsey     Bertie Carvel (season 6, featured season 5) as Tony Blair     Salim Daw (season 6, featured season 5) as Mohamed Al-Fayed     Khalid Abdalla (season 6, featured season 5) as Dodi Fayed Featured The following actors are credited in the opening titles of up to two episodes in a season:     Stephen Dillane as Graham Sutherland, a noted artist who paints a portrait of the ageing Churchill (season 1)     Gemma Whelan as Patricia Campbell, a secretary who works with Lord Altrincham and types up his editorial (season 2)     John Heffernan as Lord Altrincham, a writer who penned a scathing criticism of Elizabeth II (season 2)     Paul Sparks as Billy Graham, a prominent American preacher whom Elizabeth consults (season 2)[14]     Michael C. Hall as John F. Kennedy, the president of the United States who visits Elizabeth (season 2)     Jodi Balfour as Jacqueline Kennedy, the first lady of the United States who visits Elizabeth (season 2)     Burghart Klaußner as Dr Kurt Hahn, the founder of Gordonstoun, where Philip and Charles went to school (season 2)     Finn Elliot as school-aged Prince Philip (season 2, guest season 3)[14]     Julian Baring as school-aged Prince Charles (season 2)[14]     Clancy Brown as Lyndon B. Johnson, the president of the United States following Kennedy (season 3)     Jane Lapotaire (season 3), Rosalind Knight (recurring season 1) and Sophie Leigh Stone (recurring season 2) as Princess Alice of Battenberg, Philip's mother     Mark Lewis Jones as Edward Millward, Prince Charles's Welsh language tutor (season 3)     Tim McMullan as Robin Woods, the Dean of Windsor (season 3)     Michael Maloney as Edward Heath (season 3)     Andrew Buchan (season 3, recurring season 4) and Daniel Flynn (guest season 5) as Andrew Parker Bowles, Camilla's first husband     Harry Treadaway as Roddy Llewellyn, Princess Margaret's boyfriend (season 3, guest season 4)     Tom Brooke as Michael Fagan, a man who enters the Queen's bedroom in 1982 (season 4)     Richard Roxburgh as Bob Hawke, the prime minister of Australia (season 4)     Tom Burke as Derek "Dazzle" Jennings, a civil servant and friend of Princess Margaret (season 4)     Nicholas Farrell as Michael Shea, Elizabeth's press secretary (season 4)     Prasanna Puwanarajah as Martin Bashir, the journalist who conducted "An Interview with HRH The Princess of Wales" (season 5) Production Development In November 2014, it was announced that Netflix was to adapt the 2013 stage play The Audience into a television series.[15] Peter Morgan, who wrote the 2006 film The Queen and the play, is the main scriptwriter for The Crown.[16] The directors of the first season are Stephen Daldry, Philip Martin, Julian Jarrold, and Benjamin Caron.[17] The first 10-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and Left Bank Pictures to date, costing at least £100 million.[18][19][20] A second season was commissioned,[21][22] with the series intended to span 60 episodes over six seasons.[3] By October 2017, "early production" had begun on an anticipated third and fourth season,[23] and by the following January, Netflix confirmed the series had been renewed for third and fourth seasons.[12] In January 2020, Morgan announced that the series had been renewed for a fifth and final season. Speaking to ending the series with five seasons, after it had been intended to last six, Morgan said while crafting the stories for season five, "it has become clear to me that this is the perfect time and place to stop"; Netflix and Sony supported Morgan's decision.[4] However, in July 2020, Netflix announced that the series would receive a sixth season as originally intended. Morgan said that when the storylines were being discussed for season five, "it soon became clear that in order to do justice to the richness and complexity of the story we should go back to the original plan and do six seasons". He added that the final two seasons would enable them "to cover the same period in greater detail".[24] As of 2020, the estimated production budget of The Crown has been reported to be $260 million, making it one of the most expensive television series ever.[25] Casting By November 2014, Claire Foy had entered negotiations to portray Queen Elizabeth II.[26] By May 2015, Vanessa Kirby was in negotiations to portray Princess Margaret.[27] In June 2015, John Lithgow was cast as Winston Churchill and Matt Smith was cast as Prince Philip, while Foy was confirmed as Queen Elizabeth II.[28] Also starring in the first season were Victoria Hamilton, Jared Harris, and Eileen Atkins.[29] Foy would reprise her role as the young Queen in cameos. As of 2022, this has happened in both season 4 and season 5. For her appearance in "48:1", the eighth episode of season 4, Foy won an Emmy.[30][31] The producers recast the continuing roles with older actors every two seasons, as the timeline moves forward.[32] In October 2017, Olivia Colman was cast as Queen Elizabeth II for the third and fourth seasons.[23] By January 2018, Helena Bonham Carter and Paul Bettany were in negotiations to portray Princess Margaret and Prince Philip, respectively, for these seasons.[33][9] However, by the end of the month Bettany was forced to drop out due to the time commitment required.[34] By the end of March 2018, Tobias Menzies was cast as Prince Philip for the third and fourth seasons.[35] In early May 2018, Bonham Carter was confirmed to have been cast, alongside Jason Watkins as Prime Minister Harold Wilson.[36] The next month, Ben Daniels was cast as Tony Armstrong-Jones for the third season,[37] along with Erin Doherty joining the series as Princess Anne.[38] A month later, Josh O'Connor and Marion Bailey were cast as Prince Charles and the Queen Mother, respectively, for the third and fourth seasons.[39] In October 2018, Emerald Fennell was cast as Camilla Shand.[40] In December 2018, Charles Dance was cast as Louis Mountbatten.[41] In April 2019, Emma Corrin was cast as Lady Diana Spencer for the fourth season.[42] Gillian Anderson, who had been rumoured since January 2019 to be in talks to portray Margaret Thatcher in the fourth season, was officially confirmed for the role in September 2019.[43][44][45] In January 2020, Imelda Staunton was announced as succeeding Colman as the Queen in the fifth season, with her role in the final season reported in July.[4][24] Also in July 2020, Lesley Manville was announced as portraying Princess Margaret,[24][46] and the following month, Jonathan Pryce and Elizabeth Debicki had been cast as Prince Philip and Diana, Princess of Wales, respectively.[47][48] In October 2020, Dominic West was in talks to play Prince Charles.[49] His casting was confirmed in April 2021 when the start date for production of the fifth season was announced.[50][51] In June 2021, Jonny Lee Miller was cast as John Major.[52] During the same month, Olivia Williams confirmed during an interview that she had joined the cast as Camilla Parker Bowles for the series's fifth and sixth seasons.[53] In July 2021, actress Marcia Warren joined the cast during filming as Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.[54] That same month, the casting of Claudia Harrison as Princess Anne was also confirmed.[55] In September 2021, Khalid Abdalla and Salim Daw were announced to play Dodi Fayed and Mohamed Al-Fayed, respectively.[56] Later that month, it was confirmed that Timothy Dalton had been cast as Peter Townsend.[57] In January 2022, Humayun Saeed was cast as Dr Hasnat Khan.[58] A casting search for actors to play teenage Prince William and Prince Harry in the sixth season began in March 2022. The new actor for Prince William would replace Senan West, who was cast as a young Prince William for season five, with the other new castings for the fifth season expected to remain for the sixth season.[59] In April 2022, a casting call was posted for a young Catherine Middleton to be portrayed in the sixth season.[60] In September 2022, it was announced that Rufus Kampas and Ed McVey will portray Prince William, and Meg Bellamy will portray Catherine Middleton.[61] Gender pay gap controversy The Left Bank producers stated that Smith was paid more than Foy for the first two seasons, partly because of his Doctor Who fame.[62] This led to a gender pay gap controversy, including the creation of a petition asking Smith to donate the difference between his and Foy's salary to the Time's Up Legal Defense Fund.[63] Left Bank later apologised to Foy and Smith and said that they had been at the centre of a media storm “through no fault of their own", adding that they "are responsible for budgets and salaries; the actors are not aware of who gets what, and cannot be held personally responsible for the pay of their colleagues". They added that they support "the drive for gender equality in film and TV and [were] eager to talk to the British Time's Up campaign and [were] already speaking to Era 50:50, a group campaigning for gender equality on screen and stage".[64] Suzanne Mackie, Left Bank's creative director, did note that in future no actor would be paid more than the actress portraying the Queen.[62] Regarding the controversy, Foy was "not [surprised about the interest in the story] in the sense that it was a female-led drama. I'm not surprised that people saw [the story] and went, 'Oh, that's a bit odd'. But I know that Matt feels the same that I do, that it's odd to find yourself at the center [of a story] that you didn't particularly ask for."[65] Smith noted that he supported Foy and was "pleased that it was resolved and [the producers] made amends for it because that's what needed to happen". The Hollywood Reporter noted it was unclear what Smith was referring to as resolved, since Netflix and Left Bank had not commented further.[66] Foy later described reports that she had received backpay to bring her salary up to parity as "not quite correct".[67] Filming Replica coronation gown of Elizabeth II and wedding suit of Prince Philip used in the series An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, altogether taking 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of 10 Downing Street, were built at Elstree Studios,[22][68] while Lancaster House, Wrotham Park and Wilton House were used to double as Buckingham Palace. Ely Cathedral and Winchester Cathedral stood in for Westminster Abbey, while locations in South Africa doubled as Kenya.[22] Additional locations in the UK included Belvoir Castle,[69] Waddesdon Manor, Eltham Palace, the Royal Naval College,[70] Goldsmiths' Hall, Shoreham Airport, New Slains Castle,[71] Balmoral Castle, Cruden Bay, Lyceum Theatre, Loseley Park, Hatfield House,[68] The Historic Dockyard Chatham,[72] Southwark Cathedral, Ardverikie House, Englefield House, Wellington College, the Great Central Railway and the Glenfeshie Estate.[73] Filming on the second season began in early October 2016.[32] Each episode of the first two seasons would shoot for about 22 days, with each costing about £5 million to produce.[62] The third season began filming in July 2018[74] and concluded in February 2019. The fourth season began filming in August 2019 and wrapped in March 2020.[75][76] Shooting locations used to double foreign settings included Manchester (New York City), Málaga and Almería (Sydney and other Australian settings), as well as Atlanterra, Cádiz (Mustique).[77] The filming of the fifth season began in July 2021.[78] The year break in filming between the end of season four and the start of season five was built into the series's production schedule and was not related to the COVID-19 pandemic.[79] On 16 February 2022, items previously used in the series's production worth £150,000 were stolen from three vehicles, most of which were described to have "limited value for resale" but "are valuable as pieces to the UK film industry".[80][81] Locations featured in series five included Cobham Hall, which doubled as Eton College, and the Historic Dockyard at Chatham, both in Kent.[82] Filming for the sixth season began in August 2022,[59] but Morgan noted he expected it to stop for a period of time in September following the death of Elizabeth II "out of respect".[83] In October 2022, it was reported that the events just before and right after the death of Diana, Princess of Wales in Paris would be filmed for season six.[84] Historical accuracy The series has been criticised for its depiction of historical events, particularly from the fourth season onwards.[85] The programme's historical consultant, Robert Lacey, has stated that "there are two sorts of truth. There's historical truth and then there's the larger truth about the past" and that "when history gets departed from, it's not done casually. It's done on the basis of wanting to convey a particular message that can only be conveyed by invention."[86] An example of such a departure is the season one plot in which the Queen and the government oppose Princess Margaret's desire to marry Peter Townsend, which would have required the monarch's permission under the Royal Marriages Act 1772; in reality a plan was made to amend the Act to allow the marriage while removing Margaret and her children from the line of succession.[87] The fourth season was criticised in the UK press as "inaccurate" and "anti-monarchy".[88][89][90] It was described as "fake history" by Simon Jenkins in The Guardian,[91] and the royal biographer Sally Bedell Smith stated that "because The Crown is such a lavish and expensive production, so beautifully acted and cleverly written, and so much attention has been paid to visual details about historical events, viewers are tricked into believing that what they are seeing actually happened".[92] The British culture secretary, Oliver Dowden, and the actor Judi Dench both suggested that the series should have a fiction warning at the beginning as a disclaimer.[93][94] In October 2022 Netflix added a disclaimer to the series's title synopsis page on its website and to the YouTube description of the trailer for season five, which describes it as a "fictional dramatisation" that was "inspired by real events".[95] The accuracy of the series has been criticised by some of the individuals and institutions portrayed. Gordonstoun School responded to its negative portrayal by claiming that Prince Charles's personal feedback to the school had been overwhelmingly positive.[96] Michael Fagan, whose intrusion into the Queen's bedroom while she slept is depicted in season four, has said that his conversation with the Queen was "short, polite and non-controversial", and that he never spoke about Margaret Thatcher as he is shown doing in the series.[97] The former prime ministers John Major and Tony Blair publicly criticised the series; Blair's spokesman described the first episode of the season five, where in 1991 Prince Charles is portrayed attempting to recruit John Major and Tony Blair to support the Queen's abdication in favour of him, as "complete and utter rubbish".[98][99] Major stated that no such conversation took place, and that the scene was "a barrel-load of malicious nonsense".[100] Conversely, during a 2021 appearance on The Late Late Show with James Corden, Prince Harry stated that he was comfortable with The Crown's portrayal of the royal family, noting that, while as a work of fiction it is "not strictly accurate", it does give a "rough idea" of the pressures of "putting duty and service above family and everything else".[101][102] Release The series's first two episodes were released in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2016.[103] The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on 4 November 2016.[104][105] The second season was released on 8 December 2017.[106] The third season was released on 17 November 2019.[107] The fourth season was released on 15 November 2020.[108] The fifth season was released on 9 November 2022.[79][109] The sixth and final season will be released in two parts; the first on 16 November 2023 and the second on 14 December 2023.[110] The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 16 October 2017[111] and worldwide on 7 November.[112] The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 22 October 2018[113] and worldwide on 13 November 2018.[114] The third season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 2 November 2020[115] and worldwide the following day.[116] The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2021[117] and worldwide the following day.[118] Reception Critical response Critical response of The CrownSeason    Rotten Tomatoes    Metacritic 1    88% (77 reviews)[119]    81 (29 reviews)[120] 2    89% (85 reviews)[121]    87 (27 reviews)[122] 3    90% (100 reviews)[123]    84 (30 reviews)[124] 4    95% (111 reviews)[125]    86 (28 reviews)[126] 5    71% (101 reviews)[127]    65 (37 reviews)[128] 6    55% (62 reviews)[129]    61 (29 reviews)[130] John Lithgow won multiple awards for his performance as Winston Churchill. The Crown has been praised as a drama, being described by The Telegraph as "TV's best soap opera" and given a 5/5 rating, although some reviewers, such as in The Times, raised concerns that some of the episodes are based on false premises.[131][132] The series has an overall score of 81% on Rotten Tomatoes and 78 on Metacritic.[133][134] The first season has an 88% critical approval rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 74 reviews with an average rating of 8.6/10. Its critical consensus reads "Powerful performances and lavish cinematography make The Crown a top-notch production worthy of its grand subject."[119] Metacritic gives the season a score of 81 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[120] The second, third, and fourth seasons received similarly positive reviews. The response to the fifth season, while still positive, was less favourable; it holds a 71% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 101 reviews, with an average rating of 6.75/10, and the critical consensus reads "In its fifth season, it's hard to shake the feeling that this series has lost some of its luster – but addictive drama and a sterling cast remain The Crown's jewels."[127] The season holds a score of 65 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[128] The first part of the sixth season has a "rotten" rating of 55% on Rotten Tomatoes from 62 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10; the critical consensus reads "Elizabeth Debicki's haunting portrayal does right by the Princess of Wales, but The Crown's final season often feels like a reign extended past its prime."[129] On Metacritic, the season holds a score of 61 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[130] Awards and nominations Main article: List of awards and nominations received by The Crown The series won twenty-one Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series for its fourth season, and seven awards for the cast.[135] It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama twice, at the 74th and 78th ceremonies, with additional acting wins for Foy, Colman, Corrin, O'Connor, and Anderson.[136] Costume exhibit Costumes from both The Crown and The Queen's Gambit were displayed by Brooklyn Museum as part of its virtual exhibition The Queen and the Crown.[137][138] Potential prequel series In April 2022, it was reported that Netflix and Left Bank were having preliminary conversations about a prequel.[139] It is believed that the series will span a period of nearly 50 years, starting with the death of Queen Victoria in 1901 and ending around the wedding of Queen Elizabeth II in 1947. The series will also reportedly cover the reigns of the four kings who reigned during that period: Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII, and George VI.[140] See also     British royal family     The Crown Notes References "Netflix plans original UK drama about the Queen". BBC News. 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018. Brown, Mick (3 November 2016). "The Crown: Claire Foy and Matt Smith on the making of the £100m Netflix series". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016. Singh, Anita (19 August 2015). "£100m Netflix Series Recreates Royal Wedding". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016. Ravindran, Manori (31 January 2020). "'The Crown' Will End After Season 5 With Imelda Staunton as Queen Elizabeth". Variety. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020. Taylor, Derrick Bryson (9 July 2020). "Netflix Renews 'The Crown' for a Sixth Season After All". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020. Smith, Russ (13 December 2016). "The Crown: What year did Series 1 finish? What will be in season 2?". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018. Sandwell, Ian (23 January 2017). "Downton Abbey's Matthew Goode is joining the cast of Netflix's The Crown". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Tartaglione, Nancy (9 February 2017). "'The Crown' Adds Michael C Hall & Jodi Balfour As Jack & Jackie Kennedy". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2017. Maslow, Nick (20 January 2018). "The Crown: Paul Bettany in talks to play Prince Philip". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018. Fienberg, Daniel (4 November 2019). "'The Crown' Season 3: TV Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019. "Meet the cast of The Crown season 3". RadioTimes. 17 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019. Bentley, Jean (24 January 2018). "'The Crown' Season 3: All the Details (So Far)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018. Petski, Denise (9 October 2023). "'The Crown' Final Season To Launch In 2 Parts; Premiere Dates Set; Watch Trailer". Deadline. Retrieved 9 October 2023. "The Crown Season Two: Representation vs Reality". Netflix. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2018. "Netflix to adapt Queen Elizabeth II play The Audience". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC. 13 November 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2020. "Netflix plans original UK drama about the Queen". BBC News. 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2016. "The Crown is a 'game changer for British drama'". The Daily Telegraph. 17 October 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016. "Made in the UK:The Crown". British Film Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. "The Crown: the Royal family are 'nervous' about Netflix's new £100 million series". The Daily Telegraph. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016. Couto, Anthony (19 June 2015). "Matt Smith starring in Netflix series, The Crown". IGN. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2015. Martinson, Jane (4 November 2016). "Netflix's glittering Crown could leave BBC looking a little dull". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016. "The Crown is a 'game changer for British drama'". The Daily Telegraph. 4 November 2016. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016. Birnbaum, Olivia (26 October 2017). "Olivia Colman Joins 'The Crown' as Queen Elizabeth for Seasons 3 and 4". Variety. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. Kanter, Jake (9 July 2020). "'The Crown' Will Run For Six Seasons After Peter Morgan Changes Mind On Fifth Series Finale". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020. Seale, Jack (16 November 2019). "From The Crown to Game of Thrones: what's the most expensive TV show ever?". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 June 2021. Jaafar, Ali (11 November 2014). "Netflix's 'The Crown' Finds Its Queen In Claire Foy". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Andreeva, Nellie (15 May 2015). "Vanessa Kirby To Play Princess Margaret In Netflix's 'The Crown'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Wagmeister, Elizabeth (18 June 2015). "'Doctor Who' Alum Matt Smith Cast in Netflix's 'The Crown' with John Lithgow, Claire Foy". Variety. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. N'Duka, Amanda (27 September 2016). "'The Crown' Trailer: First Look At Netflix's Queen Elizabeth Drama Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Thompson, Avery (9 November 2022). "'The Crown' Season 5: Claire Foy Reprises Queen Elizabeth II Role In Surprise Cameo Appearance". Hollywood Life. Retrieved 11 November 2022. Leeds, Sarene (15 November 2020). "The Crown Recap: Queen of Denial". Vulture. Retrieved 11 November 2022. Jeffrey, Morgan (1 November 2016). "The Crown will replace Matt Smith, Claire Foy and its ENTIRE CAST after two seasons". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017. Petski, Denise (5 January 2018). "'The Crown': Helena Bonham Carter Poised To Play Princess Margaret". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018. Miller, Julie (25 January 2018). "The Crown's Third Season Is Minus a Prince Philip as Paul Bettany Bows Out". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2018. Fleming, Mike Jr. (28 March 2018). "'The Crown' Sets 'Outlander's Tobias Menzies As New Prince Philip". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018. Otterson, Joe (3 May 2018). "'The Crown' Officially Casts Helena Bonham Carter, Adds Jason Watkins for Season 3". Variety. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018. White, Peter (20 June 2018). "'The Crown': 'The Exorcist' Star Ben Daniels To Play Antony Armstrong-Jones In Season 3 Of Netflix's Royal Drama". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018. Sandberg, Bryn Elise (22 June 2018). "'The Crown' Casts Its Princess Anne (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018. Clarke, Stewart (26 July 2018). "'The Crown': Josh O'Connor to Play Prince Charles, Marion Bailey the Queen Mother". Variety. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018. Kinane, Ruth (23 October 2018). "The Crown casts Call the Midwife actress Emerald Fennell as Camilla Parker Bowles". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018. Edwards, Chris (17 December 2018). "The Crown season 3 adds Charles Dance to cast – and here's who he's playing". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019. Hall, Ellie (9 April 2019). "'The Crown' Just Cast Its Princess Diana". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019. Nickolai, Nate (7 September 2019). "Gillian Anderson Joins 'The Crown' as Margaret Thatcher". Variety. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019. Dahir, Ikran (7 September 2019). "Gillian Anderson Will Be Playing Margaret Thatcher In 'The Crown'". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019. Haring, Bruce (7 September 2019). "'The Crown' Officially Confirms Gillian Anderson As Margaret Thatcher For Season Four". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019. Romano, Nick (2 July 2020). "The Crown season 5 dubs Lesley Manville the new Princess Margaret". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020. Kanter, Jake (12 August 2020). "Oscar-Nominated 'Game Of Thrones' Star Jonathan Pryce Cast As Prince Philip In 'The Crown'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020. Haring, Bruce (16 August 2020). "'The Crown' Adds Elizabeth Debicki As Princess Diana For Final Two Seasons". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020. Kanter, Jake (20 October 2020). "'The Crown': Dominic West In Talks To Play Prince Charles". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 24 October 2020. Hill, Erin (7 April 2021). "The Crown Season 5 to Begin Filming in July with All-New Cast". People Magazine. Retrieved 7 April 2021. Ravindran, Manori (7 April 2021). "'The Crown' Season 5 to Start Filming in July (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 16 January 2023. Kanter, Jake (25 June 2021). "'The Crown': Jonny Lee Miller To Play Prime Minister John Major In Season 5". Deadline. Smith, Julia Llewellyn (12 June 2021). "Olivia Williams: My big royal comeback — now I'm playing Camilla in The Crown". The Times. "Veteran actress Marcia Warren 'cast as The Queen Mother in The Crown' – Media Mole". amp.mediamole.co.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2021. Gordon, Naomi (4 August 2021). "The Crown season 5: Claudia Harrison cast as Princess Anne". Good Housekeeping. Retrieved 16 September 2021. Yossman, K.J. (23 September 2021). "'The Crown' Casts Khalid Abdalla as Dodi Fayed, Princess Diana's Tragic Boyfriend; Salim Daw to Play His Father (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Singh, Anita (25 September 2021). "Timothy Dalton's licence to thrill Crown audiences as Princess Margaret's former lover". The Telegraph. Ramachadran, Naman (9 January 2022). "'The Crown': Pakistani Star Humayun Saeed Cast as Princess Diana's Companion Dr Hasnat Khan in Hit Netflix Series (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Yossman, K.J. (17 March 2022). "Netflix Set to Shoot 'The Crown' Season 6 This Summer, Looks to Cast Teenage Prince William and Harry". Variety. Retrieved 18 March 2022. Yossman, K.J. (26 April 2022). "Netflix's 'The Crown' Posts a Casting Call for a Young Kate Middleton". Variety. Retrieved 3 May 2022. Bamigboye, Baz (2 September 2022). "Netflix Drama 'The Crown' Finds Its William And Kate: Two Actors To Play Prince & Newcomer Cast As Kate Middleton In Season 6". Deadline. Retrieved 2 September 2022. Birnbaum, Debra (13 March 2018). "Claire Foy Was Paid Less Than Matt Smith on 'The Crown'". Variety. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018. Clarke, Stewart (19 March 2018). "Petition Calls on Matt Smith to Donate Part of His Salary From 'The Crown' to Time's Up". Variety. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018. Clarke, Stewart (20 March 2018). "'The Crown' Producers Apologize to Claire Foy, Matt Smith Over Gender Pay Scandal". Variety. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018. Collis, Clark (24 March 2018). "Claire Foy talks The Crown pay controversy: 'I'm not surprised people went, "That's a bit odd"'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018. Lewis, Hilary (22 April 2018). "'The Crown' Star Matt Smith Breaks Silence on Claire Foy Pay-Disparity Controversy". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018. Fowler, Danielle (29 July 2018). "Claire Foy won't receive back pay for her role in 'The Crown' after gender pay gap dispute". Harper's BAZAAR. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019. Deehan, Tom (4 November 2016). "Netflix period drama The Crown filmed on location throughout the UK and South Africa". The Location Guide. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017. Verney, Joseph (8 September 2020). "Belvoir Castle loses The Crown to Burghley House". The Lincolnite. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2021. "The Crown: Where was it filmed?". Radio Times. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017. "The Crown: Where was it filmed? Page 2". Radio Times. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017. "The Crown (2016)". Kent Film Office. 31 October 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2017. Fedko-Blake, Vaira (7 November 2016). "'The Crown': Where Was The Expensive New Drama Filmed?". Movie Pilot. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017. Frederick, Clint (18 July 2018). "New The Crown Season 3 Photos Featuring Helena Bonham Carter". ComingSoon.net. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2018. Gill, James (30 November 2019). "When is The Crown season 3 on Netflix? Who is in the cast, and what is going to happen?". RadioTimes. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2019. "'The Crown' season 4 completes filming early during coronavirus pandemic". EW.com. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020. Gamester-Newton, Becky (2 December 2020). "The Crown season 4 filming locations: Find out where the Netflix royal saga was shot". bt.com. Gonzales, Erica; Betancourt, Bianca (17 August 2021). "We Finally Have an Official Look at the New Charles and Diana in 'The Crown'". Harper's BAZAAR. Retrieved 16 September 2021. Kanter, Jake (22 July 2020). "'The Crown' Season 5 Will Not Premiere Until 2022 As Netflix Show Takes Filming Break". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020. Garvey, Marianne (25 February 2022). "Props from the 'The Crown' stolen in the UK". CNN. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Halliday, Josh (24 February 2022). "The Crown's jewels stolen in Yorkshire raid on TV show's vehicles". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 December 2022. Kent Film Office (8 November 2022). "Kent Film Office The Crown (2016–2022) Article". Bamigboye, Baz (8 September 2022). "'The Crown's Peter Morgan Expects Series To Pause Filming "Out Of Respect" For Queen Elizabeth; Calls Netflix Drama "A Love Letter" To Her". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 8 September 2022. Bamigboye, Baz (12 October 2022). "'The Crown' Stars And Creatives "On Edge" As Date Nears For Filming Of Princess Diana's Death In Paris". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 12 October 2022. Hogan, Michael (17 November 2023). "'Royally lost the plot': how The Crown went from prestige drama to TV disaster". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 November 2023. HALLEMANN, CAROLINE (23 November 2019). "Is The Crown Accurate? The Answer Is Complicated". Town and Country. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019. Reynolds, Paul (19 November 2016). "Did the Queen stop Princess Margaret marrying Peter Townsend?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. Williams, Zoe (26 November 2019). "The Crown: shameless royal propaganda – or an insult to the monarchy?". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2020. Vickers, Hugo (17 November 2020). "Is The Crown true to life? A royal expert's analysis of season 4". The Times. Retrieved 19 November 2020. Heffer, Simon (20 November 2020). "The Royal family are right to be furious about The Crown – this series is a disgrace". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2020. Jenkins, Simon (16 November 2020). "The Crown's fake history is as corrosive as fake news | Simon Jenkins". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 November 2020. Miller, Julie (18 November 2020). "Why The Crown Season 4's Prince Charles Appalls Royal Experts". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Arkin, Daniel (30 November 2020). "Netflix needs to make clear 'The Crown' is fictional, British culture minister says". NBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2020. "Judi Dench diz que 'The Crown' faz 'sensacionalismo bruto' e pede medidas à Netflix". F5 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 20 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022. Glynn, Paul; Bushby, Helen (21 October 2022). "Netflix adds disclaimer under The Crown's trailer for series five". BBC. Retrieved 23 October 2022. Rudgard, Olivia (10 December 2017). "Colditz in kilts? Charles loved it, says old school as Gordonstoun hits back at The Crown". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018. Mount, Harry (22 November 2020). "How accurate is season 4 of The Crown?". telegraph.co.uk. Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2020. "The Crown: Lord Heseltine praises John Major and Tony Blair for speaking out against latest series of show". Sky News. 5 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022. Montgomery, Hugh (5 November 2022). "The Crown series 5 review: 'Gripping, but badly-told soap'". BBC. Retrieved 6 November 2022. Saunders, Emma (17 October 2022). "The Crown: Netflix defends show after Sir John Major criticism". BBC. Retrieved 17 October 2022. Davies, Caroline (26 February 2021). "Prince Harry defends Netflix's The Crown in James Corden interview". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 February 2021. Ramachandran, Naman (26 February 2021). "Prince Harry Talks 'The Crown,' Stepping Back From Royalty, on Bus Tour With James Corden". Variety. Retrieved 26 February 2021. "The Crown [Season 1, Episodes 1 & 2] (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 25 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016. Kickham, Dylan (11 April 2016). "Matt Smith's Netflix drama The Crown gets premiere date". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. "Claire Foy and Matt Smith face the challenges of royal life in new extended trailer for Netflix drama The Crown". Radio Times. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016. Otterson, Joe (10 August 2017). "'The Crown' Season 2 Sets Premiere Date, Releases First Trailer". Variety. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017. Iannucci, Rebecca (12 August 2019). "'The Crown Season 3 (Finally!) Gets November Premiere Date at Netflix". TVLine. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2020. Kanter, Jake (20 August 2020). "'The Crown': Netflix Sets Premiere Date, Drops First Trailer For Season 4". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020. Bamigboye, Baz (24 September 2022). "'The Crown' Gets November Premiere Date After Sensitive Behind-The-Scenes Discussions Following Death Of Queen". Deadline. Retrieved 24 September 2022. Petski, Denise (9 October 2023). "'The Crown' Final Season To Launch In 2 Parts; Premiere Dates Set; Watch Trailer". Deadline. Retrieved 9 October 2023. "The Crown: Season 1 [DVD] [2017]". amazon.co.uk. 16 October 2017. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018. "The Crown (TV Series)". dvdsreleasedates.com. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018. "The Crown – Season 2 [DVD] [2018]". amazon.co.uk. 28 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018. "The Crown (TV Series)". dvdsreleasedates.com. 13 November 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018. "The Crown: Season 3 [DVD] [2020]". amazon.co.uk. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021. "The Crown – Season 03". amazon.com. 3 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021. "The Crown – Season 4 (Amazon Excl.) [DVD] [2021]". amazon.co.uk. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022. "The Crown: Season 4 [DVD]". amazon.com. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022. "The Crown: Season 1 (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2021. "The Crown: Season 1". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2016. "The Crown: Season 2". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019. "The Crown: Season 2". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2019. "The Crown: Season 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019. "The Crown – Season 3 reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019. "The Crown: Season 4". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "The Crown: Season 4". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "The Crown: Season 5". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 November 2022. "The Crown: Season 5". Metacritic. Retrieved 6 November 2022. "The Crown: Season 6". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 19 November 2023. "The Crown: Season 6". Metacritic. Retrieved 17 November 2023. Singh, Anita (5 November 2019). "The Crown, season 3 Netflix review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020. Vickers, Hugo (17 November 2019). "How accurate is The Crown? We sort fact from fiction in the royal drama". The Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019. "The Crown". Rotten Tomatoes. "The Crown". Metacritc. "The Crown". Television Academy. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020. "Crown, The". www.goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020. Soriano, Jianne (4 November 2020). "Costumes From Netflix's 'The Queen's Gambit' And 'The Crown' Featured At The Brooklyn Museum". Tatler Hong Kong. Retrieved 26 November 2020. "The Queen and The Crown: A Virtual Exhibition of Costumes from 'The Queen's Gambit' and 'The Crown'". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 26 November 2020. Goldbart, Max (8 April 2022). "'The Crown' Prequel: Netflix And Left Bank In Early-Stage Conversations". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 11 April 2022.     Maitland, Hayley (9 April 2022). "A Sumptuous Prequel to The Crown May Be On the Horizon". Vogue. Retrieved 14 April 2022. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to The Crown (TV series).     The Crown on Netflix Edit this at Wikidata     The Crown Timeline on Netflix     The Crown at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata     The Crown at epguides.com     The Crown on Instagram     The Crown on Twitter     The Crown at Metacritic Edit this at Wikidata     The Crown at Rotten Tomatoes     "The Crown: Masterclass". BAFTA Guru. 28 February 2018.     vte The Crown     Episodes         Season 1 2 3 4             "Gold Stick" "Fairytale" 5 6 Characters Accolades     Category Awards for The Crown     vte Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series 2010s         Mad Men (season 4) (2011) Homeland (season 1) (2012) Breaking Bad (season 5, part I) / Game of Thrones (season 3) (2013) Breaking Bad (season 5, part II) (2014) The Americans (season 3) (2015) Mr. Robot (season 1) (2016) Game of Thrones (season 6) (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) (2017) The Americans (season 6) (2018) Succession (season 2) (2019) 2020s         The Crown (season 4) (2020) Succession (season 3) (2021) Better Call Saul (season 6) (2022)     vte Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series 1950s         1951: Pulitzer Prize Playhouse 1952: Studio One 1953: Robert Montgomery Presents (Dramatic Program) / Dragnet (Mystery, Action or Adventure Program) 1954: The United States Steel Hour (Dramatic Program) / Dragnet (Mystery, Action or Adventure Program) 1955: The United States Steel Hour (Dramatic Series) / Dragnet (Mystery or Intrigue Series) / Stories of the Century (Western or Adventure Series) 1956: Producers' Showcase (Dramatic Series) / Disneyland (Action or Adventure Series) 1957: No Award 1958: Gunsmoke (Dramatic Series with Continuing Characters) / Playhouse 90 (Dramatic Anthology Series) 1959: Alcoa-Goodyear Theatre (Less than One Hour) / Playhouse 90 (One Hour or Longer) / Maverick (Western Series) 1960s         1960: Playhouse 90 1961: Hallmark Hall of Fame 1962: The Defenders 1963: The Defenders 1964: The Defenders 1965: No Award 1966: The Fugitive (season 3) 1967: Mission: Impossible (season 1) 1968: Mission: Impossible (season 2) 1969: NET Playhouse 1970s         1970: Marcus Welby, M.D. 1971: The Bold Ones: The Senator 1972: Elizabeth R 1973: The Waltons 1974: Upstairs, Downstairs 1975: Upstairs, Downstairs 1976: Police Story 1977: Upstairs, Downstairs 1978: The Rockford Files (season 4) 1979: Lou Grant (season 2) 1980s         1980: Lou Grant (season 3) 1981: Hill Street Blues 1982: Hill Street Blues 1983: Hill Street Blues 1984: Hill Street Blues 1985: Cagney & Lacey 1986: Cagney & Lacey 1987: L.A. Law 1988: Thirtysomething 1989: L.A. Law 1990s         1990: L.A. Law 1991: L.A. Law 1992: Northern Exposure 1993: Picket Fences 1994: Picket Fences 1995: NYPD Blue (season 2) 1996: ER (season 2) 1997: Law & Order (season 7) 1998: The Practice 1999: The Practice 2000s         2000: The West Wing (season 1) 2001: The West Wing (season 2) 2002: The West Wing (season 3) 2003: The West Wing (season 4) 2004: The Sopranos (season 5) 2005: Lost (season 1) 2006: 24 (season 5) 2007: The Sopranos (season 6) 2008: Mad Men (season 1) 2009: Mad Men (season 2) 2010s         2010: Mad Men (season 3) 2011: Mad Men (season 4) 2012: Homeland (season 1) 2013: Breaking Bad (season 5) 2014: Breaking Bad (season 5) 2015: Game of Thrones (season 5) 2016: Game of Thrones (season 6) 2017: The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) 2018: Game of Thrones (season 7) 2019: Game of Thrones (season 8) 2020s         2020: Succession (season 2) 2021: The Crown (season 4) 2022: Succession (season 3)     vte Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama 1960s         Marcus Welby, M.D. (season 1) (1969) 1970s         Medical Center (season 1/season 2) (1970) Mannix (season 4/season 5) (1971) Columbo (season 1/season 2) (1972) The Waltons (season 1/season 2) (1973) Upstairs, Downstairs (season 3/season 4) (1974) Kojak (season 2/season 3) (1975) Rich Man, Poor Man (1976) Roots (1977) 60 Minutes (1978) Lou Grant (season 2/season 3) (1979) 1980s         Shōgun (1980) Hill Street Blues (season 1/season 2) (1981) Hill Street Blues (season 2/season 3) (1982) Dynasty (season 3/season 4) (1983) Murder, She Wrote (season 1) (1984) Murder, She Wrote (season 1/season 2) (1985) L.A. Law (season 1) (1986) L.A. Law (season 1/season 2) (1987) thirtysomething (season 1/season 2) (1988) China Beach (season 2/season 3) (1989) 1990s         Twin Peaks (season 1/season 2) (1990) Northern Exposure (season 2/season 3) (1991) Northern Exposure (season 3/season 4) (1992) NYPD Blue (season 1) (1993) The X-Files (season 1/season 2) (1994) Party of Five (season 1/season 2) (1995) The X-Files (season 3/season 4) (1996) The X-Files (season 4/season 5) (1997) The Practice (season 2/season 3) (1998) The Sopranos (season 1) (1999) 2000s         The West Wing (season 1/season 2) (2000) Six Feet Under (season 1) (2001) The Shield (season 1) (2002) 24 (season 2/season 3) (2003) Nip/Tuck (season 2) (2004) Lost (season 1/season 2) (2005) Grey's Anatomy (season 2/season 3) (2006) Mad Men (season 1) (2007) Mad Men (season 2) (2008) Mad Men (season 3) (2009) 2010s         Boardwalk Empire (season 1) (2010) Homeland (season 1) (2011) Homeland (season 2) (2012) Breaking Bad (season 5, part II) (2013) The Affair (season 1) (2014) Mr. Robot (season 1) (2015) The Crown (season 1) (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) (2017) The Americans (season 6) (2018) Succession (season 2) (2019) 2020s         The Crown (season 4) (2020) Succession (season 3) (2021) House of the Dragon (season 1) (2022)     vte Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama 1990s         Northern Exposure (season 1) (1991) I'll Fly Away (season 1) (1992) NYPD Blue (season 1) (1993) ER (season 1) (1994) No Award (1995) Law & Order (season 6) (1996) The Practice (season 2) (1998) The Sopranos (season 1) (1999) 2000s         The West Wing (season 1) (2000) The West Wing (season 2) (2001) 24 (season 1) (2002) Six Feet Under (season 2) (2003) The Sopranos (season 5) (2004) Lost (season 1) (2005) Grey's Anatomy (season 2) (2006) The Sopranos (season 6, part II) (2007) Mad Men (season 1) (2008) Mad Men (season 2) (2009) 2010s         Mad Men (season 3) (2010) Boardwalk Empire (season 1) (2011) Homeland (season 1) (2012) Breaking Bad (season 5, part I) (2013) Breaking Bad (season 5, part II) (2014) Game of Thrones (season 5) (2015) Stranger Things (season 1) (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) (2017) The Americans (season 6) (2018) Succession (season 2) (2019) 2020s         The Crown (season 4) (2020) Succession (season 3) (2021) The White Lotus (season 2) (2022)     vte Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Drama 1990s         The X-Files (1996) NYPD Blue (1997) Oz (1998) The West Wing (1999) 2000s         The West Wing (2000) 24 (2001) CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2002) The Shield (2003) Nip/Tuck (2004) House (2005) House (2006) Dexter (2007) Dexter (2008) Breaking Bad (2009) 2010s         Breaking Bad (2010) Justified (2011) Homeland (2012) Breaking Bad (2013) The Knick (2014) Better Call Saul (2015) The Crown (2016) Vikings (2017) Homecoming (2018) Succession (2019) 2020s         Better Call Saul (2020) Squid Game (2021) Billions (2022)     vte Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series 1990s         NYPD Blue (season 1/season 2) (1994) ER (season 1/season 2) (1995) ER (season 2/season 3) (1996) ER (season 3/season 4) (1997) ER (season 4/season 5) (1998) The Sopranos (season 1) (1999) 2000s         The West Wing (season 1/season 2) (2000) The West Wing (season 2/season 3) (2001) Six Feet Under (season 2) (2002) Six Feet Under (season 3) (2003) CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 4/season 5) (2004) Lost (season 1/season 2) (2005) Grey's Anatomy (season 2/season 3) (2006) The Sopranos (season 6, part II) (2007) Mad Men (season 2) (2008) Mad Men (season 3) (2009) 2010s         Boardwalk Empire (season 1) (2010) Boardwalk Empire (season 2) (2011) Downton Abbey (series 2) (2012) Breaking Bad (season 5, part II) (2013) Downton Abbey (series 4) (2014) Downton Abbey (series 5) (2015) Stranger Things (season 1) (2016) This Is Us (season 1/season 2) (2017) This Is Us (season 2/season 3) (2018) The Crown (season 3) (2019) 2020s         The Crown (season 4) (2020) Succession (season 3) (2021) The White Lotus (season 2) (2022)     vte TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama 1980s         The Jewel in the Crown (1985) Death of a Salesman (1986) L.A. Law (season 1) (1987) St. Elsewhere (season 6) (1988) Lonesome Dove (1989) 1990s         Twin Peaks (season 1) (1990) thirtysomething (season 4) (1991) I’ll Fly Away (season 1) (1992) I’ll Fly Away (season 2) (1993) NYPD Blue (season 1) (1994) My So-Called Life (season 1) (1995) Homicide: Life on the Street (season 4) (1996) Homicide: Life on the Street (season 5) (1997) Homicide: Life on the Street (season 6) (1998) The Sopranos (season 1) (1999) 2000s         The West Wing (season 1) (2000) The Sopranos (season 3) / The West Wing (season 2) (2001) Six Feet Under (season 1/season 2) (2002) Boomtown (season 1) (2003) The Sopranos (season 5) (2004) Lost (season 1) (2005) Lost (season 2) (2006) The Sopranos (season 6, part II) (2007) Mad Men (season 1) (2008) Mad Men (season 2) (2009) 2010s         Breaking Bad (season 3) / Lost (season 6) (2010) Mad Men (season 4) (2011) Breaking Bad (season 4) (2012) Game of Thrones (season 3) (2013) The Good Wife (season 5) (2014) The Americans (season 3) (2015) The Americans (season 4) (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) (2017) The Americans (season 6) (2018) Better Call Saul (season 4) (2019) 2020s         Succession (season 2) (2020) The Crown (season 4) (2021) Succession (season 3) (2022) Succession (season 4) (2023)     vte Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Dramatic Series 2000s         Lost (season 1/season 2) (2005) The Sopranos (season 6, part I) (2006) The Wire (season 4) (2007) Mad Men (season 2) (2008) Mad Men (season 3) (2009) 2010s         Mad Men (season 4) (2010) Breaking Bad (season 4) (2011) Breaking Bad (season 5, part I) (2012) Breaking Bad (season 5, part II) (2013) True Detective (season 1) (2014) Mad Men (season 7, part II) (2015) The Americans (season 4) (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (season 1) (2017) The Americans (season 6) (2018) Succession (season 2) (2019) 2020s         The Crown (season 4) (2020) Succession (season 3) (2021) Severance (season 1) (2022)     vte Elizabeth II Queen (1952–2022) Realms         Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Ceylon Fiji Gambia Ghana Grenada Guyana Jamaica Kenya Malawi Malta Mauritius New Zealand Nigeria Pakistan Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sierra Leone Solomon Islands South Africa Tanganyika Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Uganda United Kingdom Titles and honours         Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Supreme Governor of the Church of England Head of the British Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces Lord of Mann Duke of Normandy List of things named after Elizabeth II Royal Family Order Elizabeth Cross Queen's Official Birthday Flags Family         Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (husband)         wedding wedding dress wedding cake Charles III (son) Anne, Princess Royal (daughter) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (son) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (son) George VI (father) Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (mother) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (sister) Mountbatten-Windsor family Accession and coronation         Proclamation of accession Coronation         Royal guests Participants in the procession Coronation chicken Coronation gown Medal Honours Award The Queen's Beasts Coronation Arches Orb and Sceptre O taste and see Treetops Hotel MacCormick v Lord Advocate Reign         Household Personality and image Prime ministers Pillar Box War Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence         Queen of Rhodesia Lithgow Plot 1975 Australian constitutional crisis         Palace letters Marcus Sarjeant incident Christopher John Lewis incident Michael Fagan incident 1987 Fijian coups d'état 1992 Windsor Castle fire Annus horribilis Handover of Hong Kong Death of Diana, Princess of Wales 1999 Australian republic referendum Perth Agreement State Opening of Parliament         2021 2022 Jubilees     Silver Jubilee         Events Medal Honours Jubilee Gardens Jubilee line Jubilee Walkway Ruby Jubilee         Queen's Anniversary Prize Golden Jubilee         Prom at the Palace Party at the Palace Medal Honours The Odyssey 2002 royal tour of Canada Diamond Jubilee         Pageant Armed Forces Parade and Muster Thames Pageant         Gloriana Spirit of Chartwell Concert Gibraltar Flotilla Medal Honours Sapphire Jubilee     Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch Platinum Jubilee     Medal Beacons Platinum Party at the Palace Pageant Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History Trooping the Colour National Service of Thanksgiving Platinum Pudding The Queen's Green Canopy Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert Big Jubilee Read "Queenhood" Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens Death         Death and state funeral Reactions Queue for the lying-in-state Funeral guests Operation London Bridge Demise Honours Like as the hart Who shall separate us? Commonwealth tours         Aden Colony Antigua and Barbuda Australia         official openings Canada Jamaica New Zealand Saint Lucia Sierra Leone Ships used         HMS Vanguard (23) SS Gothic (1947) HMY Britannia State visits     Outgoing         State visit to Spain State visit to Russia State visit to Ireland Incoming         Pope Benedict XVI President Michael D. Higgins President Xi Jinping Depictions     Televised addresses         Royal address to the nation Royal Christmas Message Documentaries         Royal Journey (1951) A Queen Is Crowned (1953) Royal New Zealand Journey (1954) The Queen in Australia (1954) The Royal Tour of the Caribbean (1966) Royal Family (1969) Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen (1992) Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007) The Diamond Queen (2012) Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016) The Coronation (2018) Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts (2022) Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen (2022) Film and television         Spitting Image (1984–96); (2020–21) A Question of Attribution (1992 TV) Willi und die Windzors (1996) Her Majesty (2001) The Queen (2006) South Park: The Snuke (2007) The Queen (2009 TV serial) Happy and Glorious (2012) A Royal Night Out (2015) Minions (2015) The Crown (2016–) The Queen's Corgi (2019) 2020 Alternative Christmas message (2020) The Prince (2021) Plays         A Question of Attribution (1988) The Audience (2013) Handbagged Portraits         Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor Wattle Queen Pietro Annigoni's portraits Reigning Queens Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (1992) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II – An 80th Birthday Portrait The Queen The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II Beautiful Portrait, The Queen Queen Elizabeth II Algorithm Queen Statues         Windsor Winnipeg Lagos Toronto York Minster Books         The Queen and I The Little Princesses The Uncommon Reader Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen Queen Camilla Songs         "God Save the Queen" (Sex Pistols song) "Her Majesty" Stamps         Machin series (list) Wilding series Castle series Canadian domestic rate stamp Country definitives Animals     Corgis         Dookie Susan Horses         Aureole Burmese Carrozza Dunfermline Estimate Height of Fashion Highclere Pall Mall Winston Related         21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth Jewels of Elizabeth II Elizabeth line Sagana Lodge Villa Guardamangia Dorgi Children's Party at the Palace The Queen's Birthday Party Jeannette Charles Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth' Queen Elizabeth cake     ← George VI Charles III →     vte Works by Peter Morgan Television         The Jury (2002, 2011) The Deal (2003) Henry VIII (2003) Colditz (2005) Longford (2006) The Special Relationship (2010) The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies (2014) The Crown (2016–) Film         Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence (1998) The Last King of Scotland (2006) The Queen (2006) The Other Boleyn Girl (2008) Frost/Nixon (2008) The Damned United (2009) Hereafter (2010) 360 (2011) Rush (2013) Bohemian Rhapsody (2018) Shorts         Dear Rosie (1990) Theatre         Frost/Nixon (2006) The Audience (2013) Patriots (2022)     vte Netflix original current series Since 2015         Chef's Table Since 2016         The Crown Stranger Things Since 2017         Big Mouth Since 2018     Live-action         Accidentally in Love A Taiwanese Tale of Two Cities Elite Non-fiction         Car Masters: Rust to Riches Dogs Explained Haunted Magic for Humans My Next Guest Needs No Introduction... Nailed It! Queer Eye Somebody Feed Phil Sugar Rush Sunderland 'Til I Die Animation         B: The Beginning The Dragon Prince Hilda Since 2019     Live-action     English         I Think You Should Leave with Tim Robinson The Politician Russian Doll The Umbrella Academy Virgin River The Witcher Other         Ainori Love Wagon: African Journey Delhi Crime How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast) Nowhere Man Sintonia Triad Princess Undercover Non-fiction         Blown Away Formula 1: Drive to Survive I Like to Watch Rhythm + Flow Selling Sunset Street Food Taco Chronicles The Movies That Made Us Animation         Chip and Potato Kengan Ashura Love, Death & Robots Since 2020     Live-action     English         Blood & Water Bridgerton Detention Emily in Paris Outer Banks Ratched Sweet Magnolias Young Wallander Other         Alice in Borderland Barbarians Falling Into You Good Morning, Verônica Into the Night Jamtara – Sabka Number Ayega Love & Anarchy Masaba Masaba Mismatched Ragnarok Summertime Sweet Home The Devil Punisher The Ghost Bride The Victims' Game Non-fiction         Cheer The Circle Down to Earth with Zac Efron Floor Is Lava Love Is Blind Too Hot to Handle Animation         Beastars Blood of Zeus Mighty Express Since 2021     Live-action     English         Jiva! Ginny & Georgia Scaredy Cats Sweet Tooth The Upshaws Other         AlRawabi School for Girls Bombay Begums D.P. Daughter from Another Mother Glória Hellbound Invisible City Jaguar Life's a Glitch Light the Night Lupin More Than Blue: The Series8 Sky Rojo So Not Worth It Squid Game The Snitch Cartel: Origins Tribes of Europa Young Royals Non-fiction         Age of Samurai: Battle for Japan Bake Squad Baking Impossible Buried by the Bernards Fresh, Fried and Crispy High on the Hog: How African American Cuisine Transformed America Insiders Love Is Blind: Brazil Pretend It's a City School of Chocolate Surviving Death Too Hot to Handle: Brazil Voir Waffles + Mochi Animation         Arcane Baki Hanma Go, Dog. Go! Record of Ragnarok Sharkdog Since 2022     Live-action     English         Guillermo del Toro's Cabinet of Curiosities Heartbreak High Heartstopper The Lincoln Lawyer Man vs. Bee Murderville Pieces of Her The Recruit The Sandman Selling the OC Surviving Summer Vikings: Valhalla Wednesday Other         All of Us Are Dead Back to 15 CAT Di4ries Everything Calls for Salvation The Fabulous Glitch The Glory He's Expecting High Heat I Hate Christmas Kleo Midnight at the Pera Palace Mom, Don't Do That! Money Heist: Korea – Joint Economic Area Narco-Saints Once Upon a Time... Happily Never After Rebelde Secrets of Summer Shards of Her Somebody Non-fiction         The Empress Hype House Iron Chef: Quest for an Iron Legend Is It Cake? Love Is Blind: Japan The Ultimatum: Marry or Move On Animation         Action Pack Bastard!! The Creature Cases Lookism My Little Pony: Make Your Mark Romantic Killer Spirit Rangers Spriggan Sonic Prime Since 2023     Live-action     English         African Queens All the Light We Cannot See Beef The Diplomat FUBAR Obliterated One Piece Survival of the Thickest The Night Agent That '90s Show Unstable Wellmania Who Is Erin Carter? XO, Kitty Neon Other         Absolute Beginners Barracuda Queens Cigarette Girl Copenhagen Cowboy Class Eva Lasting Fake Profile Feedback Infamy Kaala Paani The Law According to Lidia Poët Love to Hate You The Lying Life of Adults The Makanai: Cooking for the Maiko House The Railway Men Rana Naidu Sanctuary Suburræterna Tore Turn of the Tide Wave Makers Non-fiction         Break Point Full Swing Outlast Perfect Match Physical: 100 Stranded with my Mother-in-Law Tour de France: Unchained Wrestlers Life on Our Planet Squid Game: The Challenge Animation         Barbie: A Touch of Magic Blue Eye Samurai Captain Laserhawk: A Blood Dragon Remix Castlevania: Nocturne Dew Drop Diaries Gamera Rebirth Good Night World Junji Ito Maniac: Japanese Tales of the Macabre Mech Cadets Mulligan My Dad the Bounty Hunter My Daemon Ninjago: Dragons Rising Not Quite Narwhal Onimusha Onmyōji Ōoku: The Inner Chambers Pluto Princess Power Scott Pilgrim Takes Off Skull Island Supa Team 4 This World Can't Tear Me Down Yakitori: Soldiers of Misfortune     Original ended series         2012–2018 2019 onward Continuation series Specials Upcoming series Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata National         Czech Republic Other         MusicBrainz release group Categories:     The Crown (TV series)2016 American television series debuts2016 British television series debuts2023 American television series endings2023 British television series endings2010s American drama television series2010s British drama television series2020s American drama television series2020s British drama television seriesBest Drama Series Golden Globe winnersBritish historical television seriesBritish political drama television seriesCultural depictions of the British Royal FamilyCultural depictions of Buzz AldrinCultural depictions of Neil ArmstrongCultural depictions of Charles IIICultural depictions of Winston ChurchillCultural depictions of Michael Collins (astronaut)Cultural depictions of Diana, Princess of WalesCultural depictions of Elizabeth IICultural depictions of George VICultural depictions of Prince Harry, Duke of SussexCultural depictions of Lyndon B. JohnsonCultural depictions of John F. KennedyCultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy OnassisCultural depictions of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of BurmaCultural depictions of Gamal Abdel NasserCultural depictions of John ProfumoCultural depictions of Margaret ThatcherCultural depictions of William, Prince of WalesCultural depictions of Harold WilsonEnglish-language Netflix original programmingPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series winnersPrimetime Emmy Award-winning television seriesTelevision controversies in the United KingdomTelevision series based on actual eventsTelevision series by Left Bank PicturesTelevision series by Sony Pictures TelevisionTelevision shows filmed in South AfricaTelevision shows filmed in SpainTelevision shows filmed in the United KingdomTelevision shows scored by Hans ZimmerTelevision shows shot at Elstree Film StudiosTelevision shows written by Peter MorganTelevision shows shot in LiverpoolTelevision series about royalty

  • Condition: Gebraucht
  • Condition: In Very Good Condition for its age
  • Royal: Princess Diana
  • To Commemorate: Wedding
  • Type: Spoon
  • Royalty: UK Royalty
  • Year: 1981
  • Signed: No
  • Manufacturer: Royal Wedding
  • Theme: Royalty
  • Country: England
  • Features: Illustrated
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom
  • Vintage: Yes

PicClick Insights - Königliche Hochzeit großer massiver Messinglöffel Gold Kronleuchter König Charles Diana Netflix UK PicClick Exklusiv

  •  Popularität - 8 Beobachter, 0.1 neue Beobachter pro Tag, 108 days for sale on eBay. Super hohe beobachtend. 2 verkauft, 1 verfügbar.
  •  Bestpreis -
  •  Verkäufer - 3.666+ artikel verkauft. 0.1% negativ bewertungen. Großer Verkäufer mit sehr gutem positivem Rückgespräch und über 50 Bewertungen.

Die Leute Mochten Auch PicClick Exklusiv